Amabhethri enqola yegalofu ahlala isikhathi esingakanani

Cabanga nje uthola imbobo yakho yokuqala, bese uthola ukuthi kufanele uthwale izinduku zakho zegalofu uye nazo emgodini olandelayo ngoba amabhethri enqola yegalofu aphelile. Lokho kungadambisa isimo sengqondo. Ezinye izinqola zegalofu zifakwe injini encane kaphethiloli kanti ezinye izinhlobo zisebenzisa ama-motor kagesi. Lezi zokugcina zinobungani nemvelo, kulula ukuzinakekela, futhi zithule. Yingakho izinqola zegalofu zisetshenziswe emakhampasi enyuvesi nasezindaweni ezinkulu, hhayi nje enkundleni yegalofu.

Isici esibalulekile ibhethri elisetshenziswayo njengoba lilawula ukumamatheka kwenqola yegalofu kanye nesivinini esiphezulu. Ibhethri ngalinye linobude obuthile besikhathi kuye ngohlobo lwekhemikhali kanye nokwakheka kwalo okusetshenzisiwe. Umthengi angathanda ukuba nobude besikhathi obuphezulu ngangokunokwenzeka kanye nenani eliphansi kakhulu lokugcinwa elidingekayo. Vele, lokhu ngeke kube yishibhile, futhi kudingeka ukuvumelana. Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwebhethri kwesikhathi esifushane nesikhathi eside.

Ukuthi ibhethri lizohlala isikhathi esingakanani uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi esifushane kuhunyushwa ngokuthi inqola yegalofu ingalihlanganisa amamayela amangaki ngaphambi kokulishaja kabusha. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kubonisa ukuthi ibhethri lingasekela imijikelezo emingaki yokushaja ngaphambi kokuba yonakale futhi yehluleke. Ukuze kulinganiswe okwakamuva, uhlelo lukagesi kanye nohlobo lwamabhethri asetshenziswayo kudingeka kucatshangelwe.

Uhlelo lukagesi lwenqola yegalofu

Ukuze wazi ukuthi amabhethri enqola yegalofu ahlala isikhathi esingakanani, kubalulekile ukucabangela uhlelo lukagesi ibhethri eliyingxenye yalo. Uhlelo lukagesi lwakhiwe ngenjini kagesi futhi luxhunywe ephaketheni lebhethri elenziwe ngamaseli ebhethri ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ama-motor kagesi ajwayelekile asetshenziselwa izinqola yegalofu anesilinganiso sama-volts angu-36 noma ama-volts angu-48.

Ngokuvamile, iningi lama-motor kagesi lingadonsa noma yikuphi phakathi kwama-amps angu-50-70 uma lisebenza ngesivinini esilinganiselwe samamayela angu-15 ngehora. Nokho, lokhu kuwukulinganisela okukhulu njengoba kunezici eziningi ezingathinta ukusetshenziswa komthwalo wenjini. Uhlobo lwendawo namathayi asetshenziswayo, ukusebenza kahle kwenjini, kanye nesisindo esithwalwa yinjini konke kungathinta umthwalo osetshenziswa yinjini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidingo zomthwalo ziyanda lapho injini iqala ukusebenza kanye nangesikhathi sokusheshisa uma kuqhathaniswa nezimo zokuhamba ngesivinini. Zonke lezi zinto zenza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla enjini kungabi yinto encane. Yingakho ezimweni eziningi, ibhethri elisetshenziswayo likhulu kakhulu (isici sokuphepha) cishe ngo-20% ukuvikela izimo zesidingo esikhulu kakhulu.

Lezi zidingo zithinta ukukhethwa kohlobo lwebhethri. Ibhethri kufanele libe nesilinganiso somthamo esanele ukunikeza umsebenzisi ibanga elide. Kufanele futhi likwazi ukumelana nokwanda okungazelelwe kwesidingo samandla. Izici ezengeziwe ezifunwayo zifaka phakathi isisindo esiphansi samaphakethe ebhethri, ikhono lokushaja ngokushesha, kanye nezidingo zokulungisa eziphansi.

Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile nangokungazelelwe kwemithwalo ephezulu kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphila kwamabhethri kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amakhemikhali angakanani. Ngamanye amazwi, uma umjikelezo wokushayela ungaguquguquki, ibhethri lizohlala isikhathi esifushane.

Izinhlobo zebhethri

Ngaphezu komjikelezo wokushayela kanye nokusetshenziswa kwenjini, uhlobo lwekhemikhali yebhethri luzonquma ukuthi isikhathi esingakananiibhethri yenqola yegalofuizohlala isikhathi eside. Kunamabhethri amaningi atholakala emakethe angasetshenziswa ukusebenzisa izinqola zegalofu. Amaphakethe avame kakhulu anamabhethri alinganiswe ku-6V, 8V, kanye no-12V. Uhlobo lokucushwa kwephakethe kanye neseli elisetshenziswayo linquma isilinganiso samandla ephakethe. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhemikhali ezitholakalayo, ngokuvamile: amabhethri e-lead-acid, amabhethri e-lithium-ion, kanye ne-AGM lead-acid.

Amabhethri e-lead-acid

Ziyizinhlobo zebhethri ezishibhile nezisetshenziswa kakhulu emakethe. Zinokuphila okulindelekile kweminyaka engu-2-5, okulingana nemijikelezo engu-500-1200. Lokhu kuncike ezimweni zokusetshenziswa; Akukhuthazwa ukukhipha ngaphansi kuka-50% womthamo webhethri futhi ungalokothi ube ngaphansi kuka-20% womthamo wonke njengoba kubangela umonakalo ongenakulungiseka kuma-electrode. Ngakho-ke, umthamo ogcwele webhethri awukaze usetshenziswe. Ngesilinganiso esifanayo somthamo, amabhethri e-lead-acid anganikeza ibanga elifushane uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zamabhethri.

Anamandla amancane uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amabhethri. Ngamanye amazwi, iphakethe lebhethri lamabhethri e-lead acid lizoba nesisindo esiphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa namandla afanayo namabhethri e-lithium-ion. Lokhu kulimaza ukusebenza kohlelo lukagesi lwenqola yegalofu. Kufanele agcinwe njalo, ikakhulukazi ngokufaka amanzi acwengekile ukuze kulondolozwe izinga le-electrolyte.

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion abiza kakhulu uma eqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lead-acid kodwa ngesizathu esifanele. Anamandla aphezulu okusho ukuthi alula, angaphinde abhekane kangcono nokwanda okukhulu kwamandla okuvamile kokusheshisa ngesikhathi sokushayela kanye nezimo zokuqala. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion angahlala noma kuphi phakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 kuya kwengama-20 kuye ngokuthi inqubo yokushaja iyasebenza yini, imikhuba yokusebenzisa, kanye nokuphathwa kwebhethri. Enye inzuzo yikhono lokukhipha cishe i-100% ngomonakalo omncane uma kuqhathaniswa ne-lead acid. Kodwa-ke, isigaba sokukhipha ishaja esinconywayo sihlala singama-80-20% wamandla aphelele.

Intengo yazo ephezulu isalokhu iphansi kakhulu ezinqoleni zegalofu ezincane noma ezisezingeni eliphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zisengozini enkulu yokulahlekelwa yi-thermal runaway uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lead-acid ngenxa yamakhemikhali asetshenziswa kakhulu. Ukulahlekelwa yi-thermal runaway kungavela uma kwenzeka ukuwohloka okukhulu noma ukuxhashazwa ngokomzimba, njengokuphahlazeka kwenqola yegalofu. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amabhethri e-lead-acid awanikezi isivikelo uma kwenzeka kwenzeka ukuphambuka kwe-thermal kuyilapho amabhethri e-lithium-ion ngokuvamile efakwe uhlelo lokuphatha amabhethri olungavikela ibhethri ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukuphambuka kwe-thermal ezimweni ezithile.

Ukuzikhipha ngokwakho kungenzeka futhi njengoba ibhethri liwohloka. Lokhu kuzonciphisa umthamo otholakalayo kanye nebanga eliphelele elingenzeka enqoleni yegalofu. Nokho, inqubo ihamba kancane ukukhula ngesikhathi sokufukamela esikhulu. Kumabhethri e-lithium-ion ahlala imijikelezo engu-3000-5000, kufanele kube lula ukubona nokushintsha iphakethe lebhethri uma ukuwohloka kudlula imikhawulo eyamukelekayo.

Amabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) asetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa nezinqola zegalofu. Lawa mabhethri aklanyelwe ngqo ukuhlinzeka ngomkhiqizo wamanje ozinzile nothembekile. I-chemistry ye-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) iye yacwaningwa kabanzi futhi iphakathi kwamakhemikhali ebhethri le-lithium-ion asetshenziswa kabanzi. Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zamabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate izici zawo zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-LiFePO4 chemistry kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokubaleka kokushisa ngenxa yokuqina okungokwemvelo kwe-lithium iron phosphate, uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi akukho monakalo oqondile owenzekile.

I-Deep-cycle lithium iron phosphate ibonisa ezinye izici ezifiselekayo. Iphila isikhathi eside somjikelezo, okusho ukuthi ingabekezelela inani elikhulu lemijikelezo yokushaja nokukhipha ngaphambi kokubonisa izimpawu zokuwohloka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isebenza kahle kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngezidingo zamandla aphezulu. Ingaphatha kahle ukwanda kwamandla amakhulu adingekayo ngesikhathi sokusheshisa noma ezinye izimo ezifunwa kakhulu ezivame ukuhlangana nazo ekusetshenzisweni kwenqola yegalofu. Lezi zici zikhanga kakhulu ezinqoleni zegalofu ezinamazinga aphezulu okusetshenziswa.

I-AGM

I-AGM imele amabhethri engilazi acwilisiwe. Ayizinhlobo ezivaliwe zamabhethri e-lead-acid, i-electrolyte (i-asidi) iyacwiliswa futhi igcinwe ngaphakathi kwesihlukanisi sengilazi, esibekwa phakathi kwamapuleti ebhethri. Lo mklamo uvumela ibhethri elingachitheki, njengoba i-electrolyte ingasebenzi futhi ayikwazi ukugeleza ngokukhululekile njengakumabhethri endabuko e-lead-acid agcwele amanzi. Adinga ukulungiswa okuncane futhi ashaja ngokushesha okuphindwe kahlanu kunamabhethri e-lead-acid avamile. Lolu hlobo lwebhethri lungahlala iminyaka eyisikhombisa. Kodwa-ke, luza ngentengo ephezulu ngokusebenza okuncane okuthuthukisiwe.

Isiphetho

Ngamafuphi, amabhethri enqola yegalofu alawula ukusebenza kwenqola yegalofu, ikakhulukazi ibanga layo. Kubalulekile ukulinganisa ukuthi ibhethri lenqola yegalofu lizohlala isikhathi esingakanani ekuhleleni nasekucabangeni ngokulungiswa. Amabhethri e-Lithium ion anikeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kanye nesikhathi sokuphila isikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zamabhethri ezivamile emakethe njenge-lead-acid. Nokho, intengo yawo ephezulu ehambisanayo ingase ibe yisithiyo esikhulu kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwawo ezinqoleni zegalofu ezishibhile. Abathengi bathembele kulokhu ekwandiseni impilo yebhethri le-lead acid ngokulungiswa okufanele futhi balindele izinguquko eziningi zamaphakethe ebhethri kulo lonke isikhathi sokuphila kwenqola yegalofu.