Khawuthelekelele ufumana umngxuma wakho wokuqala, uze ufumanise ukuba kufuneka uthwale iiklabhu zakho zegalufa uye nazo kumngxuma olandelayo kuba iibhetri zenqwelo yegalufa ziphelile. Oko kuya kuyithomalalisa imeko. Ezinye iinqwelo zegalufa zixhotyiswe ngenjini encinci yepetroli ngelixa ezinye iintlobo zisebenzisa iimoto zombane. Ezi zokugqibela zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, kulula ukuzilungisa, kwaye zithule. Yingakho iinqwelo zegalufa zisetyenziswa kwiikhampasi zeyunivesithi nakwizibonelelo ezinkulu, kungekuphela nje kwibala legalufa.
Into ephambili yibhetri esetyenziswayo njengoko ilawula uncumo lwenqwelo yegalufa kunye nesantya esiphezulu. Ibhetri nganye inobomi obuthile ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwekhemistri kunye ne-configuraton esetyenzisiweyo. Umthengi angathanda ukuba nobomi obuphezulu kangangoko kunye nomlinganiselo ophantsi wolondolozo olufunekayo. Ewe, oku akuyi kuza ngexabiso eliphantsi, kwaye kufuneka kubekho ukuvumelana. Kubalulekile ukwahlula phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwebhetri yexesha elifutshane nexesha elide.
Ukuba ibhetri iya kuhlala ixesha elide kangakanani ngokwexesha elifutshane, oko kuthetha ukuba inqwelo yegalufa inokugubungela iimayile ezingaphi ngaphambi kokuba itshaje kwakhona ibhetri. Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kubonisa ukuba zingaphi iibhatri ezinokuxhasa imijikelo yokutshaja ngaphambi kokuba yonakale kwaye ingasebenzi. Ukuze kuqikelelwe ukuba kamva, inkqubo yombane kunye nohlobo lweebhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo kufuneka kuqwalaselwe.
Inkqubo yombane yenqwelo yegalufa
Ukuze wazi ukuba iibhetri zenqwelo yegalufa zihlala ixesha elingakanani, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela inkqubo yombane eyinxalenye yebhetri. Inkqubo yombane yenziwe yimoto yombane kwaye iqhagamshelwe kwiphakheji yebhetri eyenziwe ngeeseli zebhetri kwiimo ezahlukeneyo. Iimoto zombane eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa iinqwelo yegalufa zilinganiswa kwi-36 volts okanye i-48 volts.
Ngokubanzi, uninzi lweemoto zombane zingatsala naphi na phakathi kwama-amps angama-50-70 xa zisebenza ngesantya esiqhelekileyo seemayile ezili-15 ngeyure. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuqikelelwa okukhulu kuba kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa komthwalo wenjini. Uhlobo lomhlaba kunye namatayara asetyenziswayo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemoto, kunye nobunzima obuthwalwa yinjini konke oku kunokuchaphazela umthwalo osetyenziswa yinjini. Ukongeza, iimfuno zomthwalo ziyanda xa injini iqala ukusebenza kwaye ngexesha lokukhawulezisa xa kuthelekiswa neemeko zokuhamba ngesantya esiphezulu. Zonke ezi zinto zenza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla enjini kungabi lula. Yingakho kwiimeko ezininzi, ibhetri esetyenziswayo inkulu kakhulu (into yokhuseleko) malunga nama-20% ukukhusela iimeko ezifunwa kakhulu.
Ezi mfuno zichaphazela ukhetho lohlobo lwebhetri. Ibhetri kufuneka ibe nomlinganiselo womthamo owaneleyo wokubonelela umsebenzisi ngeekhilomitha ezininzi. Kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana nokunyuka ngequbuliso kwemfuno yamandla. Ezinye izinto ezifunwayo ziquka ubunzima obuphantsi beepakethe zebhetri, ukukwazi ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza, kunye neemfuno zokugcinwa eziphantsi.
Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu nangokungxama kwemithwalo ephezulu kunciphisa ubomi beebhetri nokuba ziziphi iikhemikhali. Ngamanye amazwi, okukhona umjikelo wokuqhuba ungaguquguquki, kokukhona ibhetri incinci.
Iintlobo zebhetri
Ukongeza kumjikelo wokuqhuba kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenjini, uhlobo lwekhemikhali yebhetri luya kulawula ukuba ixeshaibhetri yenqwelo yegalufaiza kuhlala ixesha elide. Kukho iibhetri ezininzi ezikhoyo kwimarike ezinokusetyenziselwa ukuqhuba iinqwelo zegalufa. Ezona pakethi zixhaphakileyo zineebhetri ezilinganiswe kwi-6V, 8V, kunye ne-12V. Uhlobo loqwalaselo lwepakethi kunye neseli esetyenziswayo lulawula umlinganiselo womthamo wepakethi. Kukho iikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo, eziqheleke kakhulu: iibhetri ze-lead-acid, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, kunye ne-AGM lead-acid.
Iibhetri ze-lead-acid
Zezona bhetri zibiza kancinci nezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimarike. Zinobomi obulindelekileyo beminyaka emi-2-5, okulingana nemijikelo engama-500-1200. Oku kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa; Akukhuthazwa ukuba ukhuphe ngaphantsi kwe-50% yomthamo webhetri kwaye ungaze ube ngaphantsi kwe-20% yomthamo uwonke njengoko kubangela umonakalo ongenakulungiseka kwii-electrodes. Ngoko ke, umthamo opheleleyo webhetri awuze usetyenziswe. Kwireyithingi efanayo yomthamo, iibhetri ze-lead-acid ziya kubonelela ngeekhilomitha ezimfutshane xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zeebhetri.
Zinamandla aphantsi xa zithelekiswa nezinye iibhetri. Ngamanye amazwi, ipakethi yebhetri yeebhetri ze-lead acid iya kuba nobunzima obuphezulu xa ithelekiswa nomthamo ofanayo weebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Oku kuyonakalisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo yombane yenqwelo yegalufa. Zifanele zigcinwe rhoqo, ngakumbi ngokongeza amanzi acocekileyo ukuze kulondolozwe inqanaba le-electrolyte.
Iibhetri zeLithium-ion
Iibhetri zeLithium-ion zibiza kakhulu xa zithelekiswa neebhetri zeLead-acid kodwa ngesizathu esifanelekileyo. Zinamandla aphezulu oko kuthetha ukuba zilula, zinokusingatha ngcono ukunyuka okukhulu kwamandla okuqhelekileyo okuqhelekileyo xa uqhuba ukhawuleza ngexesha leemeko zokuqalisa. Iibhetri zeLithium-ion zinokuhlala naphi na phakathi kweminyaka eli-10 ukuya kwengama-20 kuxhomekeke kwindlela yokutshaja, imikhwa yokusebenzisa, kunye nolawulo lwebhetri. Enye inzuzo kukukwazi ukukhupha phantse i-100% ngomonakalo omncinci xa kuthelekiswa neLead acid. Nangona kunjalo, isigaba sokukhupha itshaja esicetyiswayo sihlala singama-80-20% omthamo uwonke.
Ixabiso labo eliphezulu lisafana nelokuqala kwiinqwelo zegalufa ezincinci okanye ezikumgangatho ophantsi. Ukongeza, zisengozini enkulu yokubaleka kobushushu xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lead-acid ngenxa yeekhemikhali ezisetyenziswayo ezisebenza kakhulu. Ukubaleka kobushushu kunokuvela xa kukho ukonakala okukhulu okanye ukuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni, njengokungqubana kwenqwelo yegalufa. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iibhetri ze-lead-acid aziboneleli ngokhuseleko xa kukho ubushushu ngelixa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zihlala zixhotyiswe ngenkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri enokukhusela ibhetri ngaphambi kokuba iqale ukubaleka kobushushu kwiimeko ezithile.
Ukuzikhupha ngokwakho kunokubakho njengoko ibhetri incipha. Oku kuya kunciphisa amandla akhoyo kunye nomgama opheleleyo onokwenzeka kwinqwelo yegalufa. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo icotha ukukhula ngexesha elikhulu lokufunxa. Kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezihlala imijikelo engama-3000-5000, kufuneka kube lula ukuyibona nokutshintsha iphakheji yebhetri xa ukonakala kudlule imida eyamkelekileyo.
Iibhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) ezijikelezayo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya neenqwelo zegalufa. Ezi bhetri zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukubonelela ngemveliso yamandla ezinzileyo nethembekileyo. Ikhemistri ye-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) iphandwe kakhulu kwaye iphakathi kwezona khemikhali zebhetri ye-lithium-ion ezamkelweyo kakhulu. Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zeebhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate ziimpawu zazo zokhuseleko eziphuculweyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwekhemistri yeLiFePO4 kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokubaleka kobushushu ngenxa yokuzinza okungaphakathi kwe-lithium iron phosphate, ukuba akukho monakalo ubonakalayo ngqo.
I-Deep-cycle lithium iron phosphate ibonisa ezinye iimpawu ezinqwenelekayo. Zinobomi obude bomjikelo, oko kuthetha ukuba zinokunyamezela inani elikhulu lemijikelo yokutshaja kunye nokukhupha ngaphambi kokuba zibonise iimpawu zokuwohloka. Ukongeza, zisebenza kakuhle xa kufikwa kwiimfuno zamandla aphezulu. Zinokusingatha ngokufanelekileyo ukunyuka okukhulu kwamandla afunekayo ngexesha lokukhawulezisa okanye ezinye iimeko ezifunwa kakhulu eziqhele ukudibana nazo ekusetyenzisweni kweenqwelo zegalufa. Ezi mpawu zinomtsalane ngakumbi kwiinqwelo zegalufa ezinamazinga aphezulu okusetyenziswa.
Intlanganiso Yonyaka Yonyaka
I-AGM imele iibhetri zeglasi ezifunxwayo. Ziinguqulelo ezivaliweyo zeebhetri ze-lead-acid, i-electrolyte (i-asidi) ifunxwa kwaye igcinwe ngaphakathi kwesahluli seglasi, esibekwa phakathi kweepleyiti zebhetri. Olu yilo luvumela ibhetri engachithekiyo, njengoko i-electrolyte ingashukumi kwaye ayinakuhamba ngokukhululekileyo njengakwiibhetri ze-lead-acid zemveli ezikhukuliswe ngamanzi. Zifuna ulondolozo oluncinci kwaye zitshaja ngokukhawuleza okuphindwe kahlanu kuneebhetri ze-lead-acid zesiqhelo. Olu hlobo lwebhetri lunokuhlala ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka esixhenxe. Nangona kunjalo, luza ngexabiso eliphezulu kwaye lusebenza kancinci.
Isiphelo
Ngamafutshane, iibhetri zenqwelo yegalufa zilawula ukusebenza kwenqwelo yegalufa, ingakumbi imileage yayo. Kubalulekile ukuqikelela ukuba ibhetri yenqwelo yegalufa iya kuhlala ixesha elingakanani kucwangciso lokugcinwa kunye nokuqwalaselwa. Iibhetri zeLithium ion zibonelela ngokusebenza okungcono kakhulu kunye nexesha elide lobomi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zebhetri eziqhelekileyo kwimarike ezifana ne-lead-acid. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso lazo eliphezulu linokuba ngumqobo omkhulu kakhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwazo kwiinqwelo yegalufa ezingabizi kakhulu. Abathengi baxhomekeke kweli tyala ekwandiseni ubomi bebhetri ye-lead acid ngokugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye balindele utshintsho oluninzi kwiipakethi zebhetri kulo lonke ixesha lobomi benqwelo yegalufa.
Inqaku elinxulumene nalo:
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