Fungidzira uchiwana gomba rekutanga, wobva waona kuti unofanira kutakura makirabhu ako egorofu kuenda kune rimwe gomba nekuti mabhatiri engoro yegorofu apera. Izvozvo zvingaderedza mafungiro ako. Mamwe mangoro egorofu ane injini diki yepeturu nepo mamwe marudzi achishandisa mota dzemagetsi. Ekupedzisira aya ane hushamwari kune nharaunda, ari nyore kugadzirisa, uye akanyarara. Ndokusaka mangoro egorofu ashandiswa pamayunivhesiti nenzvimbo hombe, kwete chete panhandare yegorofu.
Chinhu chakakosha ibheteri rinoshandiswa sezvo richitungamira kunyemwerera kwengoro yegorofu uye kumhanya kwepamusoro. Bhateri rega rega rine hupenyu hwakati zvichienderana nerudzi rwemakemikari uye confguraton inoshandiswa. Mutengi angada kuva nehupenyu hwakanyanya hwepamusoro hunodiwa nehuwandu hushoma hwekugadzirisa hunodiwa. Ehe, izvi hazvizove zvakachipa, uye kubvumirana kunodiwa. Zvakakoshawo kusiyanisa pakati pekushandiswa kwebheteri kwenguva pfupi nerefu.
Kuti bhatiri richagara kwenguva yakareba sei kana tichitarisa kushandiswa kwenguva pfupi, zvinoreva kuti ngoro yegorofu inogona kufukidza makiromita mangani isati yachaja bhatiri. Kushandiswa kwenguva refu kunoratidza kuti bhatiri rinogona kutsigira madenderedzwa mangani ekuchaja asati aora uye akundikana. Kuti tifungidzire kuti gare gare, hurongwa hwemagetsi nerudzi rwemabhatiri anoshandiswa zvinofanirwa kufungwa nezvazvo.
Sisitimu yemagetsi yengoro yegorofu
Kuti uzive kuti mabhatiri engoro dzegorofu anogara kwenguva yakareba sei, zvakakosha kufunga nezvehurongwa hwemagetsi huri chikamu chebhatiri. Sisitimu yemagetsi inoumbwa nemota yemagetsi uye yakabatana nebhatiri rakagadzirwa nemaseru emabhatiri akasiyana-siyana. Mota dzemagetsi dzakajairika dzinoshandiswa pamakatuni egorofu dzine chiyero che36 volts kana 48 volts.
Kazhinji, mota zhinji dzemagetsi dzinodhonza pakati pe50-70 amps kana dzichimhanya nekumhanya kwemakiromita makumi matatu nemashanu paawa. Zvisinei, uku kufungidzirwa kukuru sezvo paine zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukanganisa kushandiswa kwemutoro weinjini. Rudzi rwenzvimbo nematayi anoshandiswa, kushanda zvakanaka kwemota, uye huremu hunotakurwa zvinogona kukanganisa mutoro unoshandiswa neinjini. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinodiwa pamutoro zvinowedzera pakutanga kweinjini uye panguva yekumhanyisa zvichienzaniswa nemamiriro ekufamba kwemota. Zvinhu izvi zvese zvinoita kuti kushandiswa kwesimba reinjini kusave kudiki. Ndosaka kazhinji, bhatiri rinoshandiswa rakakura (safety factor) neinenge 20% kudzivirira mamiriro ekuda zvakanyanya.
Zvinodiwa izvi zvinokanganisa kusarudzwa kwemhando yebhatiri. Bhatiri rinofanira kunge riine chiyero chekukwanisa kukwana kupa mushandisi daro rakakura. Rinofanirawo kukwanisa kutsungirira kukwira kwesimba kamwe kamwe. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinotsvakwa zvinosanganisira huremu hushoma hwemabhatiri, kugona kuchaja nekukurumidza, uye zvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa zvishoma.
Kushandiswa zvakanyanya uye kamwe kamwe kwekutakura zvinhu zvakawanda kunopfupisa hupenyu hwemabhatiri pasinei nemakemikari. Nemamwe mashoko, kana kutyaira kusingachinji, bhatiri rinogara kwenguva pfupi.
Mhando dzemabhatiri
Pamusoro pekufamba kwenguva uye kushandiswa kweinjini, rudzi rwemakemikari ebhatiri ruchasarudza kuti inguva yakareba seibhatiri rengoro yegorofuichagara kwenguva refu. Kune mabhatiri akawanda aripo pamusika anogona kushandiswa kumhanyisa ngoro dzegorofu. Mapaketi akajairika ane mabhatiri ane mwero we6V, 8V, uye 12V. Rudzi rwemagadzirirwo epaketi uye sero rinoshandiswa zvinosarudza chiyero chepombi. Kune makemikari akasiyana aripo, anowanzo kuwanikwa: mabhatiri ane lead-acid, mabhatiri e lithium-ion, uye AGM lead-acid.
Mabhatiri ane lead-acid
Ndiwo mhando yebhatiri yakachipa uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pamusika. Inotarisirwa kuti igare kwemakore maviri kusvika mashanu, zvakaenzana ne500-1200 cycles. Izvi zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekushandiswa; Hazvikurudzirwi kuburitsa pasi pe50% yesimba rebhatiri uye kwete pasi pe20% yesimba rese sezvo zvichikonzera kukuvara kusingagadzirisike kumaelectrodes. Saka, simba rese rebhatiri harimboshandiswi. Pakuyera simba rimwe chete, mabhatiri ane lead-acid angapa makiromita mapfupi kana tichienzanisa nemamwe marudzi emabhatiri.
Ane simba shoma kana tichienzanisa nemamwe mabhatiri. Nemamwe mashoko, bhatiri rine mabhatiri ane lead acid rinorema zvakanyanya kana tichienzanisa nekukwanisa kwakafanana nemabhatiri e lithium-ion. Izvi zvinokanganisa mashandiro emagetsi engoro yegorofu. Anofanira kugara achichengetwa, kunyanya nekuwedzera mvura yakasanganiswa kuti achengetedze huwandu hwe electrolyte.
Mabhatiri eLithium-ion
Mabhatiri eLithium-ion anodhura zvakanyanya kana tichienzanisa nemabhatiri ane lead-acid asi nechikonzero chakanaka. Ane simba rakawanda zvichireva kuti akareruka, anogonawo kubata simba rakawanda rinowanzo shandiswa pakumhanyisa mota panguva yekutyaira uye kutanga kwayo. Mabhatiri eLithium-ion anogona kugara pakati pemakore gumi kusvika makumi maviri zvichienderana nehurongwa hwekuchaja, maitiro ekushandisa, uye manejimendi yebhatiri. Imwe mukana ndeyekukwanisa kuburitsa simba rinosvika zana muzana (100%) pasina kukuvara kudiki kana tichienzanisa nelead acid. Zvisinei, chikamu chekuchaja-kuburitsa simba chinoramba chiri 80-20% yehuwandu hwese hwemagetsi.
Mutengo wavo wepamusoro uchiri kudzikira kwengoro dzegorofu diki kana dzemhando yepasi. Pamusoro pezvo, dziri nyore kubatwa nekupisa kana dzichienzaniswa nemabhatiri ane lead-acid nekuda kwemakemikari anoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Kupisa kunogona kuitika kana paine kuora kwakanyanya kana kushungurudzwa panyama, sekunge kwarova ngoro yegorofu. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti mabhatiri ane lead-acid haape dziviriro kana paine kupisa asi mabhatiri e lithium-ion anowanzo kuve nehurongwa hwekutarisira mabhatiri hunogona kudzivirira bhatiri risati ratanga kupisa kana paine mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.
Kuzviburitsa pachako kunogonawo kuitika kana bhatiri richiderera. Izvi zvinoderedza kugona kuripo uye nokudaro makiromita ese anokwanisika pangoro yegorofu. Zvisinei, maitiro acho anononoka kukura nenguva yakakura yekudzikisa. Pamabhatiri e-lithium-ion anogara 3000-5000 cycles, zvinofanira kunge zviri nyore kuona nekuchinja pack yebhatiri kana kuora kwacho kwapfuura miganhu inogamuchirika.
Mabhatiri eLithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumabasa akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira magorofu. Mabhatiri aya akagadzirirwa kupa simba rinobuda zvakanaka uye rakavimbika. Kemikari yeLithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) yakatsvakurudzwa zvakanyanya uye iri pakati pemakemikari eLithium-Ion Battery Chemistry anonyanya kushandiswa. Chimwe chezvakanakira zvikuru zveLithium Iron Phosphate Battery ndiko kuchengetedzeka kwavo kwakanyanya. Kushandiswa kweLiFePO4 Chemistry kunoderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yekupisa nekuda kwekugadzikana kweLithium Iron Phosphate, tichifunga kuti hapana kukuvara kwakananga kwakaitika.
Deep-cycle lithium iron phosphate ine humwe hunhu hunodiwa. Inogara kwenguva refu, zvichireva kuti inogona kutsungirira huwandu hwakawanda hwemachaji uye madhiraivha asati aratidza zviratidzo zvekuora. Pamusoro pezvo, ine mashandiro akanaka kwazvo kana zvasvika pakudiwa kwesimba rakawanda. Inokwanisa kubata zvakanaka mafungu makuru esimba anodiwa panguva yekumhanyisa kana mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu anowanzo wanikwa mukushandiswa kwengoro dzegorofu. Hunhu uhwu hunonyanya kukwezva kune ngoro dzegorofu dzine mwero wekushandiswa wakakwira.
Musangano Mukuru weVashandi
AGM inomiririra mabhatiri egirazi anonyudzwa. Aya mavhezheni akavharwa emabhatiri ane lead-acid, electrolyte (acid) inonyudzwa uye inochengetwa mukati megirazi rinoparadzanisa matiresi, iro rinoiswa pakati pemaplate ebhatiri. Dhizaini iyi inobvumira bhatiri risingadururike, sezvo electrolyte isingafambi uye isingakwanise kuyerera zvakasununguka semabhetiri ekare ane lead-acid akazara. Anoda kugadziriswa kushoma uye anochaja nekukurumidza kashanu kupfuura mabhatiri ekare ane lead-acid. Rudzi urwu rwebhatiri runogona kugara kusvika makore manomwe. Zvisinei, rinouya nemutengo wakakwira risina kushanda kwakawanda.
Mhedziso
Muchidimbu, mabhatiri engoro dzegorofu ndiwo anotungamira mashandiro engoro dzegorofu, kunyanya makiromita ayo. Zvakakosha kufungidzira kuti bhatiri rengoro dzegorofu richagara kwenguva yakareba sei pakuronga nekugadzirisa uye kufunga nezvazvo. Mabhatiri eLithium ion anopa mashandiro akanakisa uye hupenyu hurefu kupfuura mamwe marudzi emabhatiri akajairika mumusika akadai se lead-acid. Zvisinei, mutengo wavo wakakwira unogona kuva chipingamupinyi chikuru pakushandiswa kwavo mungoro dzegorofu dzinodhura zvishoma. Vatengi vanovimba nekuwedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri re lead acid nekuchengetedza kwakakodzera uye vanotarisira shanduko dzakawanda dzemapaketi emabhatiri muhupenyu hwengoro dzegorofu.
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