Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bebhethri kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla olwandle

Isandulelo

Njengoba umhlaba uguqukela ezixazululweni zamandla aluhlaza, amabhethri e-lithium athole ukunakwa okwengeziwe. Ngenkathi izimoto zikagesi sezilokhu zigqanyisiwe iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, amandla ezinhlelo zokugcina amandla kagesi ezindaweni zasolwandle awazange aqashelwe. Kodwa-ke, kube nokwanda kocwaningo olugxile ekwenzeni ngcono ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri e-lithium okugcina kanye nezinqubo zokushaja zezinhlelo ezahlukene zesikebhe. Amabhethri omjikelezo ojulile we-Lithium-ion phosphate kuleli cala akhanga kakhulu ngenxa yobuningi bawo bamandla aphezulu, ukuzinza okuhle kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside komjikelezo ngaphansi kwezidingo eziqinile zezinhlelo zokuhambisa zasolwandle.

Njengoba ukufakwa kwamabhethri e-lithium okugcina kuqhubeka ngamandla, nokusetshenziswa kwemithethonqubo yokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kuyakhula. I-ISO/TS 23625 ingenye yemithethonqubo enjalo egxile ekukhetheni, ekufakeni, nasekuphepheni kwamabhethri. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngokusetshenziswa kwamabhethri e-lithium, ikakhulukazi maqondana nezingozi zomlilo.

Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla olwandle

Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla olwandle ziya ngokuya ziba yisisombululo esithandwa kakhulu embonini yasolwandle njengoba umhlaba uphokophela ekusaseni elizinzile nelinobungani nemvelo. Njengoba igama lisho, lezi zinhlelo zenzelwe ukugcina amandla endaweni yasolwandle futhi zingasetshenziswa ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene, kusukela ekuqhumiseni imikhumbi nezikebhe kuya ekuhlinzekeni ngamandla okusekela uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo.

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesistimu yokugcina amandla olwandle ibhethri le-lithium-ion, ngenxa yokuminyana kwalo kwamandla aphezulu, ukuthembeka, kanye nokuphepha. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion angalungiswa futhi ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zamandla ezithile zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene zolwandle.

Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zezinhlelo zokugcina amandla olwandle yikhono lazo lokushintsha amajeneretha kadizili. Ngokusebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion, lezi zinhlelo zinganikeza umthombo wamandla onokwethenjelwa nozinzile wezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amandla asekelayo, ukukhanyisa, kanye nezinye izidingo zikagesi emkhunjini noma emkhunjini. Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlelo, izinhlelo zokugcina amandla olwandle zingasetshenziswa futhi ukunika amandla izinhlelo zokuhambisa ngogesi, okwenza zibe yindlela engcono kunezinjini zedizili ezivamile. Zifaneleka kakhulu emikhunjini emincane esebenza endaweni elinganiselwe.

Sekukonke, izinhlelo zokugcina amandla olwandle ziyisici esibalulekile sokushintshela ekusaseni elizinzile nelinobungani nemvelo embonini yolwandle.

Izinzuzo zamabhethri e-lithium

Enye yezinzuzo ezisobala kakhulu zokusebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium okugcina izinto uma kuqhathaniswa nejenereyitha kadizili ukuntuleka kokukhishwa kwegesi enobuthi kanye negesi ebamba ukushisa. Uma amabhethri eshajwa kusetshenziswa imithombo ehlanzekile njengamaphaneli elanga noma ama-wind turbine, kungaba amandla ahlanzekile angu-100%. Abuye abize kancane maqondana nokugcinwa kwezindawo ezinezingxenye ezimbalwa. Akhiqiza umsindo omncane kakhulu, okwenza abe yindawo ekahle yokubeka imikhumbi eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala noma ezinabantu abaningi.

Amabhethri e-Storage Lithium akuzona zodwa izinhlobo zamabhethri ezingasetshenziswa. Eqinisweni, izinhlelo zamabhethri olwandle zingahlukaniswa ngamabhethri ayinhloko (angenakuvuselelwa) kanye namabhethri esibili (angavuselelwa njalo). Lokhu kokugcina kuzuzisa kakhulu ngokwezomnotho ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhathi eside, ngisho noma kucatshangelwa ukwehla kwamandla. Amabhethri e-lead-acid asetshenziswa ekuqaleni, futhi amabhethri e-lithium okugcina abhekwa njengamabhethri amasha avelayo. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi anikeza ubuningi bamandla aphezulu kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside, okusho ukuthi afaneleka kangcono ekusetshenzisweni okude, kanye nezidingo zomthwalo ophezulu kanye nesivinini esikhulu.

Naphezu kwalezi zinzuzo, abacwaningi abakabonisi zimpawu zokuzethemba. Eminyakeni edlule, imiklamo eminingi kanye nezifundo zigxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwamabhethri e-lithium okugcina izinto ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusetshenziswa kwawo olwandle. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali amasha kwama-electrode nama-electrolyte aguquliwe ukuze kuvikelwe imililo kanye nokubaleka kokushisa.

Ukukhetha ibhethri le-lithium

Kunezici eziningi okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha amabhethri e-lithium okugcina uhlelo lwebhethri le-lithium lokugcina amanzi. Umthamo uyisici esibalulekile okufanele usicabangele lapho ukhetha indawo yokugcina amanzi olwandle. Inquma ukuthi ingagcina amandla angakanani futhi kamuva, inani lomsebenzi ongakhiqizwa ngaphambi kokuyishaja kabusha. Lena ipharamitha yokuklama eyisisekelo ekusetshenzisweni kokunyakaza lapho umthamo unquma ibanga noma ibanga isikebhe esingalihamba. Esimweni sasolwandle, lapho isikhala sivame ukulinganiselwa, kubalulekile ukuthola ibhethri elinamandla amaningi. Amabhethri aphezulu obuningi bamandla mancane futhi alula, okubaluleke kakhulu ezikebheni lapho isikhala nesisindo kusezingeni eliphezulu.

Izilinganiso ze-voltage kanye nezamanje nazo ziyizincazelo ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha amabhethri e-lithium okugcina izinhlelo zokugcina amandla olwandle. Lezi zincazelo zinquma ukuthi ibhethri lingashaja futhi likhiphe ngokushesha kangakanani, okubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni lapho izidingo zamandla zingahluka ngokushesha.

Kubalulekile ukukhetha ibhethri eklanyelwe ngqo ukusetshenziswa olwandle. Izindawo zasolwandle zinzima, zichayeka emanzini anosawoti, umswakama, kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Amabhethri e-lithium okugcina aklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa olwandle ngokuvamile azoba nokuvimbela amanzi kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, kanye nezinye izici ezifana nokumelana nokudlidliza kanye nokumelana nokushaqeka ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile ezimweni ezinzima.

Ukuphepha emlilweni nakho kubalulekile. Ezisetshenzisweni zasolwandle, kunesikhala esincane sokugcina ibhethri futhi noma yikuphi ukusabalala komlilo kungaholela ekukhishweni komusi onobuthi kanye nomonakalo obizayo. Izinyathelo zokufaka zingathathwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukusabalala. I-RoyPow, inkampani yokukhiqiza amabhethri e-lithium-ion yaseShayina, iyisibonelo esisodwa lapho izicishi zomlilo ezincane ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zifakwa ohlakeni lwephakethe lebhethri. Lezi zicishi zomlilo zenziwa zisebenze ngesignali kagesi noma ngokushisa umugqa wokushisa. Lokhu kuzosebenza ijeneretha ye-aerosol ebolisa i-coolant ngamakhemikhali nge-redox reaction bese iyisakaza ukuze icishe umlilo ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba isakazeke. Le ndlela ilungele ukungenelela okusheshayo, ifaneleka kahle ezisetshenzisweni zesikhala esiqinile njengamabhethri e-lithium okugcina amanzi.

Ukuphepha kanye nezidingo

Ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri e-lithium okugcina izinto ezisetshenziswa olwandle kuyakhula, kodwa ukuphepha kumele kube yinto eza kuqala ukuqinisekisa ukwakheka nokufakwa okufanele. Amabhethri e-lithium asengozini yokushisa okubalekayo kanye nezingozi zomlilo uma engaphathwanga kahle, ikakhulukazi endaweni enobunzima basolwandle lapho kutholakala khona amanzi anosawoti kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zinkinga, kusungulwe amazinga nemithethonqubo ye-ISO. Enye yalezi zindinganiso yi-ISO/TS 23625, enikeza iziqondiso zokukhetha nokufaka amabhethri e-lithium ezisetshenziswa olwandle. Le nqubo ichaza izidingo zokuklama, ukufaka, ukunakekela, kanye nokuqapha ibhethri ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwebhethri nokusebenza okuphephile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ISO 19848-1 inikeza isiqondiso ngokuhlolwa nokusebenza kwamabhethri, kufaka phakathi amabhethri e-lithium okugcina izinto ezisetshenziswa olwandle.

I-ISO 26262 nayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekuphepheni okusebenzayo kwezinhlelo zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi ngaphakathi kwemikhumbi yasolwandle, kanye nezinye izimoto. Le nqubo iyalela ukuthi uhlelo lokuphatha amabhethri (i-BMS) kumele lwakhiwe ukuze lunikeze izixwayiso ezibonakalayo noma ezizwakalayo kumqhubi lapho ibhethri linamandla aphansi, phakathi kwezinye izidingo zokuphepha. Nakuba ukunamathela ezindinganisweni ze-ISO kungokuzithandela, ukuthobela le mihlahlandlela kukhuthaza ukuphepha, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwezinhlelo zamabhethri.

Isifinyezo

Amabhethri e-lithium yokugcina asheshe avele njengesixazululo sokugcina amandla esithandwayo sezinhlelo zokusebenza zasemanzini ngenxa yobuningi bawo bamandla aphezulu kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwezimo ezidinga amandla amaningi. Lawa mabhethri ayasebenziseka futhi angasetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezinhlelo zasemanzini, kusukela ekunikezeni amandla izikebhe zikagesi kuya ekunikezeni amandla okusekela izinhlelo zokuzulazula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezinhlelo ezintsha zamabhethri kwandisa ububanzi bezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaba khona ukuze kufakwe ukuhlola olwandle olujulile kanye nezinye izindawo eziyinselele. Ukwamukelwa kwamabhethri e-lithium yokugcina embonini yasemanzini kulindeleke ukuthi kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa futhi kuguqule ukuhamba kwempahla kanye nezokuthutha.