Uphuhliso kwitekhnoloji yebhetri kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla olwandle

Intshayelelo

Njengoko ihlabathi litshintshela kwizisombululo zamandla aluhlaza, iibhetri ze-lithium zifumene ingqalelo engakumbi. Ngelixa izithuthi zombane bezisoloko zikhankanywa kangangeminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, amandla eenkqubo zokugcina amandla ombane kwiindawo zaselwandle aye ajongwa. Nangona kunjalo, kubekho ukwanda kophando olugxile ekuphuculeni ukusetyenziswa kweebhetri ze-lithium zokugcina kunye neenkqubo zokutshaja kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zeenqanawa. Iibhetri ze-Lithium-ion phosphate deep cycle kule meko zinomtsalane kakhulu ngenxa yobuninzi bazo bamandla aphezulu, uzinzo oluhle lweekhemikhali, kunye nobomi obude bomjikelo phantsi kweemfuno ezingqongqo zeenkqubo zokuqhuba zaselwandle.

Njengoko ukufakwa kweebhetri ze-lithium zokugcina kusanda ngamandla, kukwanjalo nokuphunyezwa kwemigaqo yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko. I-ISO/TS 23625 ngomnye wemithetho enjalo egxile ekukhetheni, ekufakeni, nasekukhuselekeni kweebhetri. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukhuseleko lubaluleke kakhulu xa kufikwa ekusebenziseni iibhetri ze-lithium, ngakumbi malunga neengozi zomlilo.

Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla olwandle

Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla olwandle ziya zisiba sisisombululo esithandwayo ngakumbi kwishishini leelwandle njengoko ihlabathi lisiya kwikamva elizinzileyo nelinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Njengoko igama lisitsho, ezi nkqubo zenzelwe ukugcina amandla kwindawo yaselwandle kwaye zinokusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka ekuqhubeni iinqanawa kunye neenqanawa ukuya ekuboneleleni ngamandla okuxhasa imeko kaxakeka.

Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwenkqubo yokugcina amandla olwandle yibhetri ye-lithium-ion, ngenxa yobuninzi bayo bamandla, ukuthembeka kwayo, kunye nokhuseleko. Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion nazo zinokulungiswa ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno ezithile zamandla zezicelo ezahlukeneyo zolwandle.

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zeenkqubo zokugcina amandla olwandle kukukwazi kwazo ukutshintsha iijenereyitha zedizili. Ngokusebenzisa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, ezi nkqubo zinokubonelela ngomthombo wamandla othembekileyo nozinzileyo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo. Oku kuquka amandla ancedisayo, ukukhanyisa, kunye nezinye iimfuno zombane kwinqanawa okanye kwinqanawa. Ukongeza kwezi zicelo, iinkqubo zokugcina amandla olwandle zingasetyenziselwa ukunika amandla iinkqubo zokuqhuba ngombane, nto leyo ezenza zibe yindlela efanelekileyo kuneenjini zedizili eziqhelekileyo. Zifanelekile ngokukodwa kwiinqanawa ezincinci ezisebenza kwindawo encinci.

Ngokubanzi, iinkqubo zokugcina amandla olwandle ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yotshintsho oluya kwikamva elizinzileyo nelinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwishishini lolwandle.

Iingenelo zeebhetri ze-lithium

Enye yezona nzuzo zicacileyo zokusebenzisa iibhetri ze-lithium zokugcina xa kuthelekiswa nejenereyitha yedizili kukungabikho kokukhutshwa kwegesi enobuthi kunye negesi ebangela ubushushu. Ukuba iibhetri zitshajwa kusetyenziswa imithombo ecocekileyo efana neephaneli zelanga okanye iiturbine zomoya, oko kungenza amandla acocekileyo ayi-100%. Zikwabiza kancinci xa kuthelekiswa nokugcinwa kwazo kunye nezinto ezimbalwa. Zivelisa ingxolo encinci kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zilungele ukumisa iinqanawa kufutshane neendawo zokuhlala okanye ezinabantu abaninzi.

Iibhetri zeLithium zokugcina azizo zodwa iintlobo zeebhetri ezinokusetyenziswa. Enyanisweni, iinkqubo zeebhetri zasemanzini zinokwahlulwa zibe ziibhetri zokuqala (ezingenakuphinda zitshajwe) kunye neebhetri zesibini (ezinokuphinda zitshajwe rhoqo). Ezi zokugqibela ziluncedo ngakumbi kwezoqoqosho kwisicelo sexesha elide, nokuba kucingelwa ukuwohloka komthamo. Iibhetri zeLead-acid zasetyenziswa ekuqaleni, kwaye iibhetri zeLithium zokugcina zithathwa njengeebhetri ezisandula ukuvela. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lubonise ukuba zibonelela ngobuninzi bamandla aphezulu kunye nobomi obude, oko kuthetha ukuba zilungele ngcono ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide, kunye neemfuno zomthwalo ophezulu kunye nesantya esiphezulu.

Nangona ezi zibonelelo zilungile, abaphandi abakhange babonise zimpawu zokungakhathali. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, uyilo oluninzi kunye nezifundo zigxile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kweebhetri ze-lithium zokugcina ukuze kuphuculwe ukusetyenziswa kwazo elwandle. Oku kuquka imixube emitsha yeekhemikhali yee-electrodes kunye nee-electrolytes eziguquliweyo ukuze kukhuselwe umlilo kunye nokubaleka kobushushu.

Ukukhetha ibhetri ye-lithium

Kukho iimpawu ezininzi ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha iibhetri ze-lithium zokugcina inkqubo yebhetri ye-lithium yokugcina ulwandle. Umthamo yinkcazo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa ukhetha i-abattery yokugcina amandla olwandle. Imisela ukuba ingakanani amandla enokugcinwa kwaye emva koko, ubungakanani bomsebenzi onokwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba itshajwe kwakhona. Le yiparameter yoyilo olusisiseko kwizicelo zokuqhutywa apho umthamo ulawula imayile okanye umgama isikhephe esinokuwuhamba. Kwimeko yolwandle, apho indawo idla ngokunqongophala, kubalulekile ukufumana ibhetri enoxinano olukhulu lwamandla. Iibhetri ezinoxinano olukhulu lwamandla zincinci kwaye zilula, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu kwiinqanawa apho indawo nobunzima ziphezulu.

Uvavanyo lwe-voltage kunye nolwangoku nazo ziinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha iibhetri ze-lithium zokugcina iinkqubo zokugcina amandla olwandle. Ezi nkcukacha zimisela ukuba ibhetri inokutshaja kwaye ikhuphe ngokukhawuleza kangakanani, nto leyo ibalulekileyo kwizicelo apho iimfuno zamandla zinokuhluka ngokukhawuleza.

Kubalulekile ukukhetha ibhetri eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa elwandle. Iindawo zaselwandle zinzima, zichatshazelwa ngamanzi anetyuwa, ukufuma, kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Iibhetri ze-lithium zokugcina ezenzelwe ukusetyenziswa elwandle zihlala zinezixhobo zokuthintela ukungenwa kwamanzi kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, kunye nezinye izinto ezinje ngokuxhathisa ukungcangcazela kunye nokumelana nokutshayiswa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwiimeko ezinzima.

Ukhuseleko lomlilo nalo lubalulekile. Kwizicelo zaselwandle, kukho indawo encinci yokugcina iibhetri kwaye naluphi na usasazeko lomlilo lunokubangela ukukhutshwa komlilo onetyhefu kunye nomonakalo obiza kakhulu. Amanyathelo okufakela angathathwa ukunciphisa usasazeko. I-RoyPow, inkampani yaseTshayina eyenza iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, ngumzekelo omnye apho izicimi-mlilo ezincinci ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zifakwa kwisakhelo sepakethi yebhetri. Ezi zicimi-mlilo zivulwa ngumqondiso wombane okanye ngokutshisa umgca wobushushu. Oku kuya kuvula ijenereyitha ye-aerosol ebolisa i-coolant ngeekhemikhali nge-redox reaction kwaye iyisasaze ukuze icime umlilo ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokuba isasazeke. Le ndlela ifanelekile kwiindlela zokungenelela ezikhawulezayo, zifanelekile kwiindawo ezixineneyo ezifana neebhetri ze-lithium zokugcina iilwandle.

Ukhuseleko kunye neemfuno

Ukusetyenziswa kweebhetri ze-lithium zokugcina kwizicelo zasemanzini kuyanda, kodwa ukhuseleko kufuneka lube yinto ephambili ukuqinisekisa uyilo olufanelekileyo kunye nokufakelwa. Iibhetri ze-lithium zisengozini yokufudumala okubalekayo kunye neengozi zomlilo ukuba aziphathwanga ngokuchanekileyo, ngakumbi kwindawo enzima yolwandle apho amanzi anetyuwa kunye nokufuma okuphezulu. Ukujongana nale nkxalabo, imigangatho kunye nemigaqo ye-ISO imiselwe. Omnye wale migangatho yi-ISO/TS 23625, enika izikhokelo zokukhetha nokufaka iibhetri ze-lithium kwizicelo zasemanzini. Lo mgangatho uchaza uyilo lwebhetri, ukufakelwa, ukugcinwa, kunye neemfuno zokubeka esweni ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwebhetri kunye nokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo. Ukongeza, i-ISO 19848-1 inika isikhokelo sokuvavanya nokusebenza kweebhetri, kubandakanya iibhetri ze-lithium zokugcina, kwizicelo zasemanzini.

I-ISO 26262 ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kukhuseleko olusebenzayo lweenkqubo zombane neze-elektroniki ngaphakathi kweenqanawa zaselwandle, kunye nezinye izithuthi. Lo mgangatho uyalela ukuba inkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri (i-BMS) mayiyilwe ukuze inike izilumkiso ezibonakalayo okanye ezivakalayo kumqhubi xa ibhetri inamandla aphantsi, phakathi kwezinye iimfuno zokhuseleko. Nangona ukunamathela kwimigangatho ye-ISO kukuzithandela, ukuthotyelwa kwezi zikhokelo kukhuthaza ukhuseleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nobude bexesha leenkqubo zebhetri.

Isishwankathelo

Iibhetri ze-lithium zokugcina zikhawuleza ukuvela njengesisombululo esithandwayo sokugcina amandla kwiinkonzo zaselwandle ngenxa yobuninzi bazo bamandla kunye nobomi obude phantsi kweemeko ezinzima. Ezi bhetri zinokuguquguquka kwaye zinokusetyenziselwa uluhlu lwezicelo zaselwandle, ukusuka ekunikezeni amandla kwiinqanawa zombane ukuya ekuboneleleni ngamandla okuxhasa iinkqubo zokuhamba. Ngaphezu koko, uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lweenkqubo ezintsha zebhetri lwandisa uluhlu lwezicelo ezinokubakho ukuze lubandakanye uphando olunzulu lolwandle kunye nezinye iindawo ezinzima. Ukwamkelwa kweebhetri ze-lithium zokugcina kwishishini laselwandle kulindeleke ukuba kuncitshiswe ukukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza kunye nokuguqula uthutho kunye nokuthuthwa.