Zithini iibhetri zeLithium Ion

Iibhetri zeLithium-ion luhlobo oludumileyo lwekhemikhali yebhetri. Inzuzo enkulu ezibonelelwa zezi bhetri kukuba zinokutshajwa kwakhona. Ngenxa yolu phawu, zifumaneka kwizixhobo ezininzi zabathengi namhlanje ezisebenzisa ibhetri. Zifumaneka kwiifowuni, kwizithuthi zombane, nakwiinqwelo zegalufa ezisebenza ngebhetri.

Zisebenza njani iibhetri zeLithium-Ion?

Iibhetri zeLithium-ion zenziwe ngeseli enye okanye ezininzi zeLithium-ion. Zikwaqulathe ibhodi yesekethe ekhuselayo ukuthintela ukutshaja kakhulu. Ezi seli zibizwa ngokuba ziibhetri xa sele zifakwe kwibhokisi enebhodi yesekethe ekhuselayo.

Ngaba iibhetri zeLithium-Ion ziyafana neebhetri zeLithium?

Hayi. Ibhetri ye-lithium kunye nebhetri ye-lithium-ion zahluke kakhulu. Umahluko ophambili kukuba ezi zamva nje zinokutshajwa kwakhona. Omnye umahluko omkhulu bubomi beshelufu. Ibhetri ye-lithium ingahlala iminyaka eli-12 ingasetyenziswa, ngelixa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zinobomi beshelufu obufikelela kwiminyaka emi-3.

Ziziphi izinto eziphambili zeebhetri zeLithium Ion

Iiseli zeLithium-ion zinezakhi ezine eziphambili. Ezi zezi:

I-anode

I-anode ivumela umbane ukuba usuke kwibhetri uye kwisekethe yangaphandle. Ikwagcina ii-ion ze-lithium xa itshaja ibhetri.

I-Cathode

I-cathode yiyo emisela amandla kunye nombane weseli. Ivelisa ii-ion ze-lithium xa ikhupha ibhetri.

I-Electrolyte

I-electrolyte yinto, esebenza njengomjelo wee-ion ze-lithium ukuze zihambe phakathi kwe-cathode kunye ne-anode. Yenziwe ngeetyuwa, izongezo, kunye nezinye izinyibilikisi ezahlukeneyo.

Umhluli

Inxalenye yokugqibela kwiseli ye-lithium-ion sisihluzi. Sisebenza njengomqobo obonakalayo wokugcina i-cathode kunye ne-anode zahlukene.

Iibhetri zeLithium-ion zisebenza ngokususa ii-ion zeLithium ukusuka kwi-cathode ukuya kwi-anode kwaye ngokuphambeneyo nge-electrolyte. Njengoko ii-ion zihamba, zivuselela ii-electron ezikhululekileyo kwi-anode, zenze itshaja kwi-positive current collector. Ezi electron zihamba ngesixhobo, ifowuni okanye inqwelo yegalufa, ziye kwi-negative collector zize zibuyele kwi-cathode. Ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kwee-electron ngaphakathi kwebhetri kuthintelwa yi-separator, ezinyanzela ukuba ziye kwiindawo eziqhagamshelanayo.

Xa utshaja ibhetri ye-lithium-ion, i-cathode iya kukhupha ii-ion ze-lithium, kwaye ziya kwi-anode. Xa zikhupha, ii-ion ze-lithium ziyahamba ukusuka kwi-anode ukuya kwi-cathode, nto leyo evelisa ukuhamba kombane.

Zakhiwa nini iibhetri zeLithium-Ion?

Iibhetri zeLithium-ion zaqala ukwenziwa ngeminyaka yoo-70 yingcali yekhemistri yaseNgilani uStanley Whittingham. Ngexesha lovavanyo lwakhe, izazinzulu zenze uphando ngeekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo zebhetri enokuzitshaja. Uvavanyo lwakhe lokuqala lwalubandakanya i-titanium disulfide kunye ne-lithium njengee-electrodes. Nangona kunjalo, iibhetri zazikhawuleza ziqhume.

Kwiminyaka yoo-1980, omnye usosayensi, uJohn B. Goodenough, walwamkela olu celomngeni. Kungekudala emva koko, uAkira Yoshino, ingcali yemichiza yaseJapan, waqala uphando ngetekhnoloji. UYoshino noGoodenough bangqina ukuba i-lithium metal yeyona nto ibangela ukuqhuma.

Kwiminyaka yoo-90, iteknoloji ye-lithium-ion yaqala ukuba namandla, yaza ngokukhawuleza yaba ngumthombo wamandla odumileyo ekupheleni kweminyaka elishumi. Yayilixesha lokuqala le teknoloji ithengiswa yiSony. Elo rekhodi libi lokhuseleko lweebhetri ze-lithium labangela ukuphuhliswa kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion.

Nangona iibhetri ze-lithium zinokubamba uxinano olukhulu lwamandla, azikhuselekanga xa zitshajwa kwaye zikhutshwa. Kwelinye icala, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zikhuselekile kakhulu ukutshajwa kwaye zikhutshwe xa abasebenzisi belandela izikhokelo zokhuseleko ezisisiseko.

Yeyiphi eyona Chemistry yeLithium Ion ilungileyo?

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeekhemikhali zebhetri ye-lithium-ion. Ezo zithengiswayo zezi:

I-Lithium Titanate
I-Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide
I-Lithium Nickel iManganese Cobalt Oxide
I-Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO)
I-Lithium Cobalt Oxide
I-Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeekhemikhali zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Nganye inezibonelelo zayo kunye neengxaki zayo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye zilungele kuphela iimeko ezithile zokusetyenziswa. Ngenxa yoko, uhlobo olukhethayo luya kuxhomekeka kwiimfuno zakho zamandla, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, ukunyamezela ukhuseleko, kunye nemeko ethile yokusetyenziswa.

Nangona kunjalo, iibhetri zeLiFePO4 zezona zikhetho zifumaneka kakhulu kurhwebo. Ezi bhetri ziqulathe i-graphite carbon electrode, esebenza njenge-anode, kwaye i-phosphate njenge-cathode. Zinobomi obude bomjikelo ofikelela kwi-10,000 cycles.

Ukongeza, zibonelela ngozinzo olukhulu lobushushu kwaye zinokumelana ngokukhuselekileyo nokunyuka okufutshane kwemfuno. Iibhetri zeLiFePO4 zilinganiswe ngomlinganiselo wobushushu ofikelela kwi-510 degrees Fahrenheit, olona hlobo luphezulu kunalo naluphi na uhlobo lwebhetri ye-lithium-ion ethengiswayo.

Iingenelo zeebhetri zeLiFePO4

Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lead acid kunye nezinye ezisekelwe kwi-lithium, iibhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate zinenzuzo enkulu. Zitshaja kwaye zikhupha ngokufanelekileyo, zihlala ixesha elide, kwaye zinokugcina i-cy inzulu.i-clengaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngumthamo. Ezi nzuzo zithetha ukuba iibhetri zibonelela ngokonga imali eninzi ebomini bazo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zeebhetri. Apha ngezantsi kujongwa iingenelo ezithile zezi bhetri kwizithuthi zamandla ezikhawulezayo kunye nezixhobo zoshishino.

Ibhetri yeLiFePO4 kwiZithuthi eziPhantsi

Izithuthi zombane ezinesantya esiphantsi (ii-LEV) zizithuthi ezinamavili amane ezinobunzima obungaphantsi kweepawundi ezingama-3000. Zisebenza ngeebhetri zombane, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe lukhetho oludumileyo kwiinqwelo zegalufa kunye nezinye izinto zokuzonwabisa.

Xa ukhetha ibhetri ye-LEV yakho, enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uziqwalasele kukuphila ixesha elide. Umzekelo, iinqwelo zegalufa ezisebenza ngebhetri kufuneka zibe namandla aneleyo okuqhuba zijikeleze ibala legalufa elinemingxuma eli-18 ngaphandle kokutshaja kwakhona.

Enye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyiqwalasele yishedyuli yokugcinwa kwayo. Ibhetri elungileyo akufuneki ifune ukulungiswa ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyonwabela kakhulu umsebenzi wakho wokuphumla.

Ibhetri kufuneka ikwazi ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, kufuneka ikuvumele ukuba udlale igalufa ngexesha lobushushu basehlotyeni nasekwindla xa amaqondo obushushu ehla.

Ibhetri elungileyo kufuneka ize nenkqubo yokulawula eqinisekisa ukuba ayishushu kakhulu okanye ayibandi kakhulu, nto leyo ethoba amandla ayo.

Enye yezona mpawu zibalaseleyo ezihlangabezana nazo zonke ezi meko zisisiseko kodwa zibalulekileyo yiROYPOW. Uluhlu lwabo lweebhetri ze-lithium zeLiFePO4 lulinganiswe ngamaqondo obushushu ukusuka kwi-4°F ukuya kwi-131°F. Ezi bhetri ziza nenkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kwaye kulula kakhulu ukuzifaka.

Izicelo zeMizi-mveliso zeebhetri zeLithium Ion

Iibhetri zeLithium-ion ziyindlela ethandwayo kwizicelo zoshishino. Eyona khemikhali ixhaphakileyo esetyenziswayo ziibhetri zeLiFePO4. Ezinye zezixhobo ezixhaphakileyo zokusebenzisa ezi bhetri zezi:

Iifolokhwe ezikwindlela emxinwa
Iiforklift ezilungeleleneyo
Iifolokhwe zokuphakamisa ezinamavili ama-3
Ii-Walkie Stackers
Abakhweli bokugqibela nabaphakathi

Zininzi izizathu zokuba iibhetri ze-lithium ion zithandwa kakhulu kwiindawo zoshishino. Ezona ziphambili zezi:

Amandla aphezulu kunye nobude obude

Iibhetri zeLithium-ion zinamandla amaninzi kwaye zihlala ixesha elide xa zithelekiswa neebhetri zeLead-acid. Zinobunzima obuyisithathu kwisithathu sobunzima kwaye zivelise imveliso efanayo.

Umjikelo wobomi babo lolunye uncedo olukhulu. Kwimisebenzi yezimboni, injongo kukugcina iindleko eziphindaphindayo zexesha elifutshane ziphantsi. Ngeebhetri ze-lithium-ion, iibhetri ze-forklift zinokuhlala ixesha elide ngokuphindwe kathathu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekongeni iindleko ezinkulu ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Zingasebenza nangobunzulu obukhulu bokukhupha amandla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80% ngaphandle kokuchaphazela amandla azo. Oko kunenye inzuzo yokonga ixesha. Imisebenzi ayidingi kuma phakathi ukuze kutshintshwe iibhetri, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba amawaka eeyure zomsebenzi zigcinwe ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo.

Ukutshaja ngesantya esiphezulu

Kwiibhetri ze-lead-acid zoshishino, ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokutshaja limalunga neeyure ezisibhozo. Oko kulingana notshintsho olupheleleyo lweeyure ezisi-8 apho ibhetri ingafumanekiyo ukuba isetyenziswe. Ngenxa yoko, umphathi kufuneka aqwalasele eli xesha lokungasebenzi aze athenge iibhetri ezongezelelweyo.

Ngeebhetri zeLiFePO4, oko akuyongxaki. Umzekelo omhle yiIibhetri ze-lithium ze-ROYPOW zeLifePO4 zezimboni ze-lithium, ezitshaja ngokukhawuleza ngokuphindwe kane kuneebhetri ze-lead acid. Enye inzuzo kukukwazi ukuhlala usebenza kakuhle ngexesha lokukhupha. Iibhetri ze-lead acid zihlala zingasebenzi kakuhle xa zikhupha.

Umgca weebhetri ze-ROYPOW zoshishino nazo azinazo iingxaki zememori, ngenxa yenkqubo yokulawula iibhetri esebenzayo. Iibhetri ze-lead acid zihlala zinengxaki yolu ngxaki, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba zingafikeleli kumthamo opheleleyo.

Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ibangela i-sulfation, enokunciphisa ubomi bayo obufutshane kakade ngesiqingatha. Ingxaki idla ngokuvela xa iibhetri ze-lead acid zigcinwa ngaphandle kokutshaja ngokupheleleyo. Iibhetri zeLithium zinokutshaja ngamaxesha amafutshane kwaye zigcinwe nangayiphi na indlela engaphezulu kwe-zero ngaphandle kweengxaki.

Ukhuseleko kunye noLawulo

Iibhetri zeLiFePO4 zinenzuzo enkulu kwiindawo zoshishino. Okokuqala, zinozinzo olukhulu kubushushu. Ezi bhetri zinokusebenza kumaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi-131°F ngaphandle kokonakala. Iibhetri ze-lead acid zingalahlekelwa yi-80% yomjikelo wazo wobomi kumaqondo obushushu afanayo.

Enye ingxaki bubunzima beebhetri. Kwibhetri efanayo, iibhetri ze-lead acid zinobunzima obungaphezulu. Ngenxa yoko, zihlala zifuna izixhobo ezithile kunye nexesha elide lokufakelwa, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba iiyure zomsebenzi zingachithwa kakhulu.

Enye ingxaki kukukhuseleka kwabasebenzi. Ngokubanzi, iibhetri zeLiFePO4 zikhuselekile kuneebhetri ze-lead-acid. Ngokwezikhokelo ze-OSHA, iibhetri ze-lead acid kufuneka zigcinwe kwigumbi elikhethekileyo elinezixhobo ezenzelwe ukuphelisa umsi oyingozi. Oko kwazisa iindleko ezongezelelweyo kunye nobunzima kumsebenzi wezoshishino.

Isiphelo

Iibhetri zeLithium-ion zinenzuzo ecacileyo kwiindawo zoshishino nakwizithuthi zombane ezihamba ngesantya esiphantsi. Zihlala ixesha elide, nto leyo ebangela ukuba abasebenzisi bonge imali. Ezi bhetri azinakulungiswa, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo zoshishino apho ukonga imali kubaluleke kakhulu.