He aha nā pila Lithium Ion

He ʻano kemika pila kaulana nā pila Lithium-ion. ʻO kahi pōmaikaʻi nui a kēia mau pila e hāʻawi nei, ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻouka hou ʻia. Ma muli o kēia hiʻohiʻona, loaʻa lākou i ka hapa nui o nā mea kūʻai aku i kēia lā e hoʻohana ana i ka pila. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou i nā kelepona, nā kaʻa uila, a me nā kaʻa kolepa i hoʻohana ʻia e ka pila.

Pehea e hana ai nā pila Lithium-Ion?

Hana ʻia nā pila lithium-ion me hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha mau cell lithium-ion. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi papa kaapuni pale e pale aku i ka hoʻouka nui ʻana. Ua kapa ʻia nā cell he mau pila ke kau ʻia i loko o kahi pahu me kahi papa kaapuni pale.

Ua like anei nā pila Lithium-Ion me nā pila Lithium?

ʻAʻole. He ʻokoʻa loa ka pākahiko lithium a me ka pākahiko lithium-ion. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui, hiki ke hoʻouka hou ʻia nā mea hope. ʻO kekahi ʻokoʻa nui ka lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana. Hiki i ka pākahiko lithium ke ola a hiki i 12 mau makahiki me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻia, ʻoiai ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana o nā pākahiko lithium-ion a hiki i 3 mau makahiki.

He aha nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o nā pila Lithium Ion

ʻEhā mau ʻāpana nui o nā pūnaewele Lithium-ion. Eia kēia:

ʻAnode

ʻAe ka anode i ka uila e neʻe mai ka pila i kahi kaapuni waho. Mālama pū ia i nā ion lithium i ka wā e hoʻouka ai i ka pila.

Cathode

ʻO ke cathode ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka mana a me ke volta o ke kelepona. Hoʻopuka ia i nā ion lithium i ka wā e hoʻokuʻu ai i ka pila.

ʻElektrolita

He mea ka electrolyte, e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he ala no nā ion lithium e neʻe ai ma waena o ka cathode a me ka anode. Hana ʻia ia me nā paʻakai, nā mea hoʻohui, a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe like ʻole.

ʻO ka mea hoʻokaʻawale

ʻO ka ʻāpana hope loa i loko o kahi cell lithium-ion ka mea hoʻokaʻawale. Hana ia ma ke ʻano he pale kino e hoʻokaʻawale i ka cathode a me ka anode.

Hana nā pila Lithium-ion ma ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā ion lithium mai ka cathode a i ka anode a me ka hope ma o ka electrolyte. Ke neʻe nei nā ion, hoʻāla lākou i nā electrons manuahi i loko o ka anode, e hana ana i kahi uku ma ka mea hōʻiliʻili au maikaʻi. Ke kahe nei kēia mau electrons ma o ka hāmeʻa, kahi kelepona a i ʻole ke kaʻa kolepa, i ka mea hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi ʻole a hoʻi i loko o ka cathode. Pale ʻia ke kahe manuahi o nā electrons i loko o ka pila e ka mea hoʻokaʻawale, e koi ana iā lākou i nā pilina.

Ke hoʻopiʻi ʻoe i kahi pākahiko lithium-ion, e hoʻokuʻu ka cathode i nā ion lithium, a neʻe lākou i ka anode. Ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia, neʻe nā ion lithium mai ka anode a i ka cathode, kahi e hoʻopuka ai i ke kahe o ke au.

I ka manawa hea i hana ʻia ai nā pila Lithium-Ion?

Ua hoʻokumu mua ʻia nā pila Lithium-ion i nā makahiki 70 e ka mea kemika Pelekane ʻo Stanley Whittingham. I loko o kāna mau hoʻokolohua, ua noiʻi nā kānaka ʻepekema i nā kemika like ʻole no kahi pila e hiki ke hoʻouka hou iā ia iho. ʻO kāna hoʻokolohua mua e pili ana i ka titanium disulfide a me ka lithium ma ke ʻano he mau electrodes. Eia nō naʻe, e pōkole nā pila a pahū.

I nā makahiki 80, ua lawe kekahi ʻepekema ʻē aʻe, ʻo John B. Goodenough, i ka luʻi. Ma hope koke iho, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Akira Yoshino, he kemika Kepanī, i ka noiʻi ʻana i ka ʻenehana. Ua hōʻoia ʻo Yoshino lāua ʻo Goodenough ʻo ka metala lithium ke kumu nui o nā pahū.

I nā makahiki 90, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻenehana lithium-ion e lilo i mea kaulana, a lilo koke ia i kumu mana kaulana i ka hopena o ke au. ʻO ia ka manawa mua i kūʻai ʻia ai ka ʻenehana e Sony. ʻO kēlā moʻolelo palekana maikaʻi ʻole o nā pila lithium i hoʻoulu ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā pila lithium-ion.

ʻOiai hiki i nā pila lithium ke paʻa i ka nui o ka ikehu, ʻaʻole lākou e palekana i ka wā e hoʻouka ai a hoʻokuʻu ʻia. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, palekana loa nā pila lithium-ion e hoʻouka a hoʻokuʻu ke mālama nā mea hoʻohana i nā kulekele palekana kumu.

He aha ka Kemika Lithium Ion maikaʻi loa?

Nui nā ʻano kemika o nā pākahiko lithium-ion. ʻO nā mea i loaʻa ma ke kālepa:

Litiuma Titanate
Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide
Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide
ʻO ka Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO)
ʻO ka Lithium Cobalt Oxide
Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)

Nui nā ʻano kemika no nā pila lithium-ion. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kona mau pono a me nā hemahema. Eia nō naʻe, kūpono kekahi no nā hihia hoʻohana kikoʻī. No laila, ʻo ke ʻano āu e koho ai e pili ana i kāu mau pono mana, kālā, hoʻomanawanui palekana, a me kahi hihia hoʻohana kikoʻī.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā pila LiFePO4 ka koho i loaʻa nui ʻia ma ke kālepa. Loaʻa i kēia mau pila kahi electrode kalapona graphite, ka mea e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he anode, a me ka phosphate ma ke ʻano he cathode. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi ola pōʻaiapuni lōʻihi a hiki i 10,000 mau pōʻaiapuni.

Eia kekahi, hāʻawi lākou i ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi loa a hiki ke hoʻokele palekana i nā piʻi pōkole i ke koi. Ua helu ʻia nā pila LiFePO4 no ka paepae holo wela a hiki i 510 degere Fahrenheit, ʻo ia ke kiʻekiʻe loa o nā ʻano pila lithium-ion i loaʻa ma ke kālepa.

Nā Pōmaikaʻi o nā Pila LiFePO4

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā pila waikawa kēpau a me nā pila lithium ʻē aʻe, he pōmaikaʻi nui ko nā pila lithium hao phosphate. Hoʻopiha a hoʻokuʻu lākou me ka maikaʻi, lōʻihi ka lōʻihi, a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe hohonuʻeleʻeleme ka ʻole o ka nalowale ʻana o ka mana. ʻO ke ʻano o kēia mau pono, hāʻawi nā pila i nā mālama kālā nui i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano pila ʻē aʻe. Aia ma lalo kahi nānā i nā pono kikoʻī o kēia mau pila i nā kaʻa mana haʻahaʻa a me nā lako ʻoihana.

Pākahi LiFePO4 i nā kaʻa wikiwiki haʻahaʻa

ʻO nā kaʻa uila wikiwiki haʻahaʻa (LEV) he mau kaʻa huila ʻehā i emi ke kaumaha ma mua o 3000 paona. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e nā pila uila, ka mea e lilo ai lākou i koho kaulana no nā kaʻa kolepa a me nā hoʻohana leʻaleʻa ʻē aʻe.

I ke koho ʻana i ka pila no kāu LEV, ʻo kekahi o nā mea nui e noʻonoʻo ai, ʻo ia ke ola lōʻihi. No ka laʻana, pono i nā kaʻa kolepa i hoʻohana ʻia e ka pila ke lawa ka mana e hoʻokele a puni kahi kahua kolepa 18-lua me ka ʻole o ka hoʻouka hou ʻana.

ʻO kekahi mea nui e noʻonoʻo ai, ʻo ia ka papa hana mālama. ʻAʻole pono ka mālama ʻana i kahi pila maikaʻi e hōʻoia i ka leʻaleʻa nui o kāu hana leʻaleʻa.

Pono nō hoʻi ka pākahiko e hiki ke hana i nā ʻano aniau like ʻole. No ka laʻana, pono iā ʻoe ke pāʻani kolepa i ka wela o ke kauwela a i ka hāʻule hoʻi ke hāʻule ka mahana.

Pono hoʻi kahi pākahiko maikaʻi e hele mai me kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻomalu e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai ʻaʻole ia e wela nui a anuanu paha, e hoʻemi ana i kona mana.

ʻO kekahi o nā lama maikaʻi loa e hoʻokō ana i kēia mau kūlana maʻamau akā koʻikoʻi āpau ʻo ROYPOW. Ua helu ʻia kā lākou laina o nā pila lithium LiFePO4 no nā mahana o 4°F a i 131°F. Hele mai nā pila me kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokele pila i kūkulu ʻia a he maʻalahi loa ke hoʻouka.

Nā Noi ʻOihana no nā Pila Lithium Ion

He koho kaulana nā pila Lithium-ion i nā noi ʻoihana. ʻO ka kemika maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia nā pila LiFePO4. ʻO kekahi o nā lako maʻamau e hoʻohana ai i kēia mau pila:

Nā kaʻa hāpai ala haiki
Nā forklifts i kaulike ʻia
Nā Forklifts Huila ʻEkolu
Nā mea hoʻopaʻa walkie
Nā mea holo hope a me waena

Nui nā kumu e ulu nei ka kaulana o nā pila lithium ion ma nā wahi ʻoihana. ʻO nā mea nui:

Ka Mana Kiʻekiʻe a me ke Ola Loa

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ikehu o nā pila lithium-ion a me ke ola lōʻihi ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā pila lead-acid. Hiki iā lākou ke kaupaona i ka hapakolu o ke kaumaha a hāʻawi i ka hopena like.

ʻO ko lākou pōʻaiapuni ola kekahi pono nui. No kahi hana ʻoihana, ʻo ka pahuhopu ka mālama ʻana i nā kumukūʻai hou pōkole i ka liʻiliʻi loa. Me nā pila lithium-ion, hiki i nā pila forklift ke lōʻihi i ʻekolu manawa, e alakaʻi ana i ka mālama kālā nui i ka wā lōʻihi.

Hiki iā lākou ke hana ma kahi hohonu o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a hiki i ka 80% me ka ʻole o ka hopena i ko lākou hiki. Loaʻa iā ia kekahi pono i ka mālama manawa. ʻAʻole pono e hoʻōki nā hana i ka waena e hoʻololi i nā pila, hiki ke alakaʻi i nā tausani o nā hola kanaka i mālama ʻia ma luna o kahi manawa lōʻihi.

Hoʻouka wikiwiki

Me nā pila kēpau-ʻakika ʻoihana, ʻo ka manawa hoʻouka maʻamau ma kahi o ʻewalu hola. Ua like ia me kahi neʻe holoʻokoʻa he 8 hola kahi i loaʻa ʻole ai ka pila no ka hoʻohana ʻana. No laila, pono i kahi luna ke helu no kēia manawa hoʻomaha a kūʻai i nā pila keu.

Me nā pila LiFePO4, ʻaʻole ia he pilikia. ʻO kahi laʻana maikaʻi ʻo ia kaNā pila lithium LifePO4 ʻoihana ROYPOW, ka mea e hoʻouka ai i ʻehā manawa ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o nā pila waikawa kēpau. ʻO kekahi pōmaikaʻi ʻo ia ka hiki ke noho pono i ka wā e hoʻokuʻu ai. Hoʻopilikia pinepine nā pila waikawa kēpau i ka hana i ka wā e hoʻokuʻu ai lākou.

ʻAʻohe pilikia hoʻomanaʻo o ka laina ROYPOW o nā pila ʻoihana, mahalo i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokele pila kūpono. Hoʻopilikia pinepine nā pila waikawa kēpau i kēia pilikia, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻokō i ka mana piha.

Me ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hoʻoulu ia i ka sulfation, kahi e hiki ai ke hōʻemi i ko lākou ola pōkole i ka hapalua. Hoʻomaka pinepine ka pilikia ke mālama ʻia nā pila waikawa kēpau me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana. Hiki ke hoʻopiha ʻia nā pila Lithium i nā manawa pōkole a mālama ʻia ma kekahi mana ma luna o ka ʻole me ka ʻole o nā pilikia.

Palekana a me ka lawelawe ʻana

He pōmaikaʻi nui ko nā pila LiFePO4 i nā wahi ʻoihana. ʻO ka mea mua, he kūpaʻa wela ko lākou. Hiki i kēia mau pila ke hana i nā mahana a hiki i 131°F me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino ʻia. E nalowale ana nā pila waikawa kēpau a hiki i ka 80% o ko lākou ola ma kahi mahana like.

ʻO kekahi pilikia, ʻo ia ke kaumaha o nā pila. No ka mana like o ka pila, ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o nā pila waikawa kēpau. No laila, pono pinepine lākou i nā lako kikoʻī a me ka manawa hoʻonohonoho lōʻihi, kahi e hiki ai ke alakaʻi i nā hola hana liʻiliʻi i hoʻolilo ʻia ma ka hana.

ʻO kekahi pilikia ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka palekana o ka poʻe hana. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻoi aku ka palekana o nā pila LiFePO4 ma mua o nā pila kēpau-ʻakika. Wahi a nā alakaʻi OSHA, pono e mālama ʻia nā pila kēpau ʻakika i loko o kahi lumi kūikawā me nā lako i hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻopau i nā uahi weliweli. Hoʻolauna kēlā i kahi kumukūʻai hou a me ka paʻakikī i kahi hana ʻoihana.

Hopena

He pōmaikaʻi maopopo ko nā pila Lithium-ion ma nā wahi ʻoihana a no nā kaʻa uila wikiwiki haʻahaʻa. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ola, no laila e mālama ana i ke kālā a nā mea hoʻohana. ʻAʻohe mālama pono o kēia mau pila, he mea nui loa ia ma kahi ʻoihana kahi e pono ai ka mālama kālā.