Ina eke koe ki te taraka tawhiti, ka noho tō taraka hei kāinga nekeneke māu, hei wāhi mahi, hei wāhi moe, hei wāhi okioki hoki mō ngā rā, mō ngā wiki rānei. He mea nui kia whakarite i te whakamarie, te haumaru, me te oranga i roto i ēnei wā roa, me te whakahaere i te pikinga o ngā utu wahie me te whai i ngā ture tukunga hau. Nō reira, koinei te wāhi e ora ai te taraka APU (Auxiliary Power Unit), e whakarato ana i te puna hiko pono hei whakapai ake i tō kounga o te oranga i runga i te rori.
Tērā pea kei te whakaaro koe: he aha rawa te waeine APU i runga i te taraka, ā, me pēhea e taea ai e ia te whakarerekē i ō mahi taraka? Ahakoa he taraiwa mātau koe e hiahia ana ki te whakapai ake i tō waka, he kaiwhakahaere waka rānei e rapu ana i ngā otinga utu-pai, he mea nui te mārama ki ngā painga o te taraka APU mō te angitu o ngā taraka o ēnei rā.
I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka ārahi mātou i a koe i roto i ngā kaupapa matua o te Truck Apu, tae atu ki tana mahi, ōna painga matua, me te whiriwhiri i te pūnaha APU tika mō ō hiahia.
He aha te Wāhanga APU mō te Taraka?
He taputapu iti, he taputapu whakawhirinaki te APU taraka e mau ana ki runga i ngā taraka. Ka mahi hei whakaputa hiko whai hua, e whakarato ana i te hiko tāpiri ina whakawetohia te miihini matua. Ina tū te taputapu i ngā wā okiokinga, ka whakakahangia ngā pūnaha nui, pērā i te hauhautanga, te whakamahana, ngā rama, ngā utu waea, ngā ngaruiti, me ngā pouaka whakamātao, e āhei ai ngā taraiwa ki te pupuri i te whakamarie me te haumaru me te kore e whakaroa i te miihini matua o te taraka.
Ngā momo waeine APU mō ngā taraka
E rua ngā momo matua o ngā waeine APU taraka: he tīhiera me he hiko.
- Ko te tikanga, ka whakanohoia he APU tīhiera ki waho o te taraka, i muri tonu i te kāpata, kia māmā ai te uru atu me te whakakī hinu. Ka whakamahia te wahie o ngā taraka hei whakaputa hiko.
- He iti noa ngā tukunga o te taraka hiko APU, ā, he iti ake hoki te tiaki e hiahiatia ana, nō reira he kōwhiringa pai mō te taiao mō ngā mahi taraka o ēnei rā.
Ngā Painga o te Whakamahi i te Wāhanga APU mō te Taraka
He maha ngā painga o te APU. Anei ngā painga matua e ono o te tāuta i tētahi waeine APU ki tō taraka:
Painga 1: Te Whakaiti i te Whakamahinga Wahie
He wāhanga nui o te utu whakahaere mō ngā waka me ngā kaiwhakahaere rangatira te whakapaunga wahie. Ahakoa he pai te taiao mō ngā taraiwa ina noho puku te mīhini, he nui rawa te pūngao e pau ana. Tata ki te kotahi karani wahie tīhi e pau ana i te haora noho puku, engari he iti ake te nui o te wahie tīhi e pau ana i te waeine APU tīhi mō te taraka - tata ki te 0.25 karani wahie ia haora.
I te toharite, ka noho puku te taraka i waenga i te 1800 me te 2500 hāora ia tau. Mēnā e 2,500 hāora ia tau o te noho puku me te hinu tīhiera i te $2.80 ia karani, ka pau i te taraka te $7,000 mō te noho puku mō ia taraka. Mēnā ka whakahaerehia e koe he kahui taraka me ngā rau taraka, ka tere te piki o taua utu ki ngā tekau mano tāra, neke atu rānei, ia marama. Mā te APU tīhiera, ka taea te penapena neke atu i te $5,000 ia tau, engari ka nui ake pea te penapena mā te APU hiko.
Painga 2: Te Roa o te Ora o te Mīhini
E ai ki te American Trucking Association, ko te kotahi hāora o te noho puku i te rā mō te tau kotahi ka rite ki te 64,000 maero te roa o te pakaru o te miihini. Nā te mea ka taea e te noho puku o te taraka te whakaputa waikawa whanariki, ka kai pea i te miihini me ngā wāhanga o te waka, ka nui haere te pakaru me te haehae o ngā miihini. Heoi anō, ka whakaitihia e te noho puku te pāmahana tahunga o roto i te rango, ka puta he puranga i roto i te miihini me te aukati. Nō reira, me whakamahi ngā taraiwa i tētahi APU hei karo i te noho puku me te whakaiti i te pakaru me te kakahu o te miihini.
Painga 3: Te Whakaiti i ngā Utu Tiaki
He nui ake ngā utu tiaki nā te nui rawa o te noho puku i ngā utu tiaki katoa. E ai ki te America Transportation Research Institute, ko te utu tiaki toharite mō te taraka Akomanga 8 he 14.8 hēneti mō ia maero. Ka nui te utu tiaki tāpiri mō te noho puku i te taraka. Mēnā kei a koe te taraka APU, ka roa ake ngā wā tiaki. Kāore koe e hiahia ki te whakapau i te wā roa ki te toa whakatika, ā, ka tino whakaitihia ngā utu mō te mahi me ngā wāhanga taputapu, ā, ka whakaitihia te utu katoa o te mana whakahaere.
Painga 4: Te Whakatutuki i ngā Ture
Nā te kino o te noho puku o te taraka ki te taiao, tae atu ki te hauora o te marea, he maha ngā tāone nui o te ao kua whakatinana i ngā ture me ngā ture ārai-noho puku hei whakawhāiti i ngā tukunga. He rerekē ngā here, ngā whiu, me ngā whiu i ia tāone ki ia tāone. I te Tāone o Niu Ioka, he ture kore te noho puku o te waka mēnā neke atu i te 3 meneti te roa, ā, ka whiua ngā rangatira waka ki te whiu. E ai ki ngā ture CARB, kaua ngā taraiwa o ngā waka arumoni hinu-tīhi me te taumaha waka neke atu i te 10,000 pauna, tae atu ki ngā pahi me ngā taraka moenga moe, e noho puku i te miihini tīhi matua o te waka mō te roa atu i te rima meneti i tētahi wāhi. Nō reira, hei whakatutuki i ngā ture me te whakaiti i te raruraru i roto i ngā ratonga taraka, he huarahi pai ake te whakamahi i te waeine APU mō te taraka.
Painga 5: Te Whakamarie o te Taraiwa
Ka taea e ngā taraiwa taraka te whai hua me te whai hua ina okioki pai rātou. Whai muri i te rā roa o te taraiwa, ka tū koe ki tētahi wāhi okioki. Ahakoa he nui te wāhi e wātea ana i roto i te kāpata moe hei okiokinga, ka taea e te haruru o te whakahaere i te mīhini taraka te whakararuraru. Mā te whakamahi i tētahi waeine APU mō te taraka ka taea te whakarato i tētahi taiao marino mō te okiokinga pai, me te mahi anō hoki mō te utu, te hauhautanga, te whakamahana, me te whakamahana i te mīhini. Ka whakanui ake i te whakamarie o te kāinga, ā, ka pai ake tō wheako taraiwa. Hei whakamutunga, ka āwhina i te whakanui ake i te hua whānui o te kahui waka.
Painga 6: Te Whakapai Ake i te Oranga Taiao
Ka puta he matū kino, he hau, me he matūriki i te noho puku o te miihini taraka, ā, ka nui ake te parahanga o te hau. I ia meneti 10 o te noho puku ka tukuna he 1 pauna o te hauhā waro ki te rangi, ka kino ake te huringa āhuarangi o te ao. Ahakoa kei te whakamahi tonu ngā APU tīhiera i te wahie, he iti ake te wahie e pau ana i a rātou, ā, ka āwhina i ngā taraka ki te whakaiti i ō rātou tapuwae waro ki te whakataurite ki te noho puku o te miihini, me te whakapai ake i te pumau o te taiao.
Whakapai ake i ngā Rōpū Taraka me ngā APU
He mea tino taunaki te tāuta i tētahi waeine APU ki tō taraka, nā te mea ka whakarei ake i te whakamarie o te taraiwa me te whai huatanga o te mahi, ā, ka āwhina hoki ki te whakatutuki i ngā ture taiao. Engari me pēhea te whiriwhiri i te APU tika mō tō waka? Anei ngā āhuatanga matua hei whakaaroaro:
- Te Whai Hua o te ManaArotakehia ngā hiahia hiko o āu waka i te tuatahi. Tērā pea he rawaka te APU tīhiera mō ngā hiahia taketake. Heoi, ki te hiahia ō mahi ki te hiko nui ake mō ngā taputapu matatau, he pai ake pea te whiriwhiri i te APU taraka hiko katoa.
- Ngā Whakaritenga TiakiNā te mea he maha ngā wāhanga miihini o ngā APU Tīhiera, me tiaki tonu, tae atu ki te whakawhiti hinu, te whakakapinga tātari wahie, me te mahi tiaki ārai. He rerekē, he iti noa te tiaki mō ngā APU hiko mō ngā taraka, ā, ka whakaitihia te wā kore mahi me ngā whakapaunga tiaki whānui.
- Pūtāhui me te TautokoTirohia tonu ngā tikanga o te pūtāhui me te tautoko i muri i te hoko. Ka taea e te pūtāhui pakari te tiaki i tō haumitanga me te whakarite kia whiwhi koe i te ratonga i te wā tika mēnā ka puta he raruraru.
- Ngā Whakaaro mō te TahuaAhakoa he nui ake te utu tīmatanga mō ngā APU hiko, he nui ngā penapena mō te wā roa nā te iti o te whakapaunga wahie me te iti o ngā hiahia tiaki. He iti ake te utu mō ngā APU tīhiera i te tāutanga tuatahi engari ka nui ake pea ngā utu whakahaere i roto i te wā.
- Ngāwari o te WhakamahiHe māmā ake te tāuta me te whakahaere i ngā APU hiko. He maha ngā tauira he pūnaha whakahaere atamai anō hoki, e taea ai te whakahaere maeneene mai i te kāpata.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, kua piki haere te rongonui o ngā waeine APU taraka hiko i roto i te umanga kawe waka. Ka whakaratohia e rātou he mahi marino, he iti te tiaki, he roa ake ngā hāora o te hauhautanga, ā, ka āwhina i ngā waka ki te whakatutuki i ngā ture tukunga kaha ake, ka waiho hei haumitanga whakaaro nui mō ngā mahi taraka hou.
Pūnaha APU taraka hiko-katoa 48 V ROYPOW kotahi-mutuHe otinga tino pai te kore-whakaroa, he huarahi ma, atamai, ā, marino ake i ngā APU tīhiera tuku iho. Kei roto he alternator atamai 48 V DC, he pākahiko LiFePO4 10 kWh, he hauhautanga DC 12,000 BTU/h, he kaitahuri 48 V ki te 12 V DC-DC, he inverter 3.5 kVA katoa-i-te-kotahi, he mata aroturuki whakahaere pūngao atamai, me te papa rā ngāwari. Mā tēnei huinga kaha, ka taea e ngā taraiwa taraka te pārekareka ki te neke atu i te 14 hāora o te wā AC. He mea hanga ngā wāhanga matua ki ngā paerewa o te taumata motuka, e whakaiti ana i te hiahia mō te tiaki auau. He raihana mō te mahi kore raruraru mō ngā tau e rima, ka roa ake i ētahi huringa hokohoko waka. Mā te utu tere ngāwari me te 2-hāora ka pupuri i a koe kia kaha mō ngā wā roa i runga i te huarahi.
Ngā Whakatau
I a tātou e titiro whakamua ana ki te heke mai o te umanga taraka, e mārama ana ka noho ngā Wāhanga Mana Āwhina (APU) hei taputapu mana tino nui mā ngā kaiwhakahaere waka me ngā taraiwa. Mā te kaha ki te whakaiti i te whakapaunga wahie, te whakapai ake i te oranga tonutanga o te taiao, te whakatutuki i ngā ture, te whakarei ake i te whakamarie o te taraiwa, te whakaroa i te roa o te ora o te miihini, me te whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki, ka hurihia e ngā wāhanga APU mō ngā taraka te whakahaere o ngā taraka i runga i te rori.
Mā te whakauru i ēnei hangarau auaha ki roto i ngā kāhui taraka, ehara i te mea ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga me te hua anake, engari ka whakarite hoki i tētahi wheako maeneene ake, whai hua ake hoki mō ngā taraiwa i roto i ā rātou haerenga roa. Heoi anō, he taahiraa tēnei ki tētahi heke mai matomato ake, pumau ake hoki mō te umanga kawe waka.
Tuhinga e pā ana:
He pēhea te wero a te APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) o ngā Taraka Whakahou ki ngā APU Taraka Tikanga?
