Xa ubandakanyeka kwiilori ezihamba ixesha elide, ilori yakho iba likhaya lakho elihambayo, apho usebenza khona, ulala, kwaye uphumle iintsuku okanye iiveki ngexesha. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukonwaba, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuphila kakuhle ngeli xesha landisiweyo ngelixa ulawula ukunyuka kwamaxabiso epetroli kunye nokuhlala uthobela imimiselo yokukhutshwa. Ke ngoko, kulapho iloli i-APU (iYunithi yaMandla eNcedisayo) iba ngumsindisi, ibonelela ngomthombo wamandla othembekileyo wokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bakho endleleni.
Usenokuba uyazibuza: yintoni kanye kanye iyunithi ye-APU kwilori, kwaye ingayiguqula njani imisebenzi yakho yelori? Nokuba ungumqhubi onamava ojonge ukuphucula isixhobo sakho okanye umphathi wezithuthi ofuna izisombululo ezingabizi kakhulu, ukuqonda izibonelelo ze-APU yelori kubalulekile kwimpumelelo yelori yanamhlanje.
Kweli nqaku, siya kukukhokela kwiziseko zeLori ye-Apu, kubandakanywa nendlela esebenza ngayo, izibonelelo zayo eziphambili, kunye nendlela yokukhetha inkqubo ye-APU efanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho ezithile.
Yintoni iYunithi ye-APU yelori?
I-APU yelori sisixhobo esidibeneyo, esixhomekeke kwiilori. Isebenza njengejenereyitha esebenzayo, inika amandla ancedisayo xa injini enkulu icinyiwe. Xa ipakishwe ngamaxesha okuphumla, esi sixhobo sinika amandla kwiinkqubo ezibalulekileyo, ezifana ne-air conditioning, izifudumezi, izibane, iitshaja zefowuni, ii-microwaves, kunye neefriji, ezivumela abaqhubi ukuba bahlale bekhululekile kwaye bekhuselekile ngaphandle kokuyimisa injini yelori enkulu.
Iintlobo zeeYunithi ze-APU zeelori
Iiyunithi zelori ze-APU ziza kwiindidi ezimbini eziphambili: amandla edizili kunye nombane.
- Idizili ye-APU iqhele ukuxhonywa ngaphandle kwelori, rhoqo emva kwekhebhu, ukuze ifikeleleke ngokulula kunye nokufaka amafutha. Ingena kunikezelo lwamafutha kwiilori ukwenza amandla.
- I-APU yelori yombane isebenza ngokukhutshwa okuncinci kwaye ifuna ukulungiswa okuncinci, iyenza ibe lukhetho olulungele ukusingqongileyo kwimisebenzi yelori yanamhlanje.
Izibonelelo zokusebenzisa iYunithi ye-APU kwiLori
Zininzi izibonelelo ze-APU. Nazi izibonelelo ezintandathu eziphezulu zokufaka iyunithi ye-APU kwilori yakho:
Inzuzo yoku-1: UkuNcitshiswa kokuSetyenziswa kweFuel
Iindleko zokusetyenziswa kwamafutha ezithuthi zithatha inxalenye enkulu yeendleko zokusebenza kwiinqwelo zeenqwelo kunye nabaqhubi abanini. Ngelixa i-idling injini igcina indawo epholileyo kubaqhubi, isebenzisa amandla ngokugqithisileyo. Iyure yexesha lokungenzi nto idla malunga negaloni enye ye-diesel fuel, ngelixa i-dizeli-based APU unit yelori idla ngaphantsi kakhulu - malunga ne-0.25 galoni ye-fuel ngeyure.
Ngokwe-avareji, ilori ayisebenzi phakathi kwe-1800 kunye ne-2500 yeeyure ngonyaka. Kuqikelelwa ukuba iiyure ezingama-2,500 ngonyaka wokusebenza kunye namafutha edizili nge-2.80 yeedola ngegaloni nganye, ilori ichitha i-7,000 yeedola kwilori nganye. Ukuba ulawula inqanawa kunye namakhulu eelori, ezo ndleko zinokutsiba ngokukhawuleza ukuya kumashumi amawaka eedola nangaphezulu nyanga nganye. Ngedizili APU, ukonga ngaphezulu kwe-5,000 yeedola ngonyaka kunokufezekiswa, ngelixa i-APU yombane inokonga nangakumbi.
Inzuzo yesi-2: Ubomi beNjini eyandisiweyo
Ngokutsho koMbutho waseMelika wokuTyala, iyure enye yokungenzi nto ngosuku unyaka omnye iphumela ekulinganeni kweemayile ezingama-64,000 ekunxityweni kwenjini. Kuba i-idling yelori inokuvelisa iasidi yesulfuric, enokuthi itye i-injini kunye nezinto zesithuthi, ukuguga kunye nokukrazula kweenjini zonyuka kakhulu. Ngapha koko, idling iya kwehlisa ukutsha kwamaqondo obushushu akwisilinda, kubangele ukwakheka enjini kunye nokuvala. Ke ngoko, abaqhubi kufuneka basebenzise i-APU ukunqanda ukungasebenzi kunye nokunciphisa ukukrazuka kunye nokunxiba kwe-injini.
Inzuzo yesi-3: Iindleko zoLondolozo eziNcitshisiweyo
Iindleko zogcino ngenxa yokungalali ngokugqithisileyo ziphezulu kakhulu kunazo naziphi na iindleko ezinokubakho zokulungisa. IZiko loPhando lwezoThutho laseMelika lichaza ukuba i-avareji yeendleko zokugcina ilori yodidi lwesi-8 ziisenti ezili-14.8 ngemayile. Ukudityaniswa kwelori kukhokelela kwiindleko ezineendleko eziphezulu zolungiso olongezelelweyo. Xa kunye APU ilori, amaxesha nkonzo ulondolozo ukwandisa. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uchithe ixesha elininzi kwindawo yokulungisa, kwaye iindleko zabasebenzi kunye nezixhobo zezixhobo zincitshiswa kakhulu, oko kuthoba ixabiso lilonke lobunini.
Inzuzo yesi-4: Ukuthotyelwa kweMimiselo
Ngenxa yemiphumo eyingozi yokungasebenzi kweelori kwindalo esingqongileyo nakwimpilo yoluntu, izixeko ezikhulu ezininzi ehlabathini lonke ziye zamisela imithetho nemimiselo enxamnye nokukhutshwa kweelori ukuze kuthintelwe ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo. Izithintelo, izohlwayo nezohlwayo ziyahluka kwizixeko ngezixeko. KwisiXeko saseNew York, ukwenza isithuthi singasebenzi akukho mthethweni ukuba sihlala ngaphezulu kwemizuzu emi-3, kwaye abanini bezithuthi baya kuhlawuliswa. Imimiselo yeCARB imisela ukuba abaqhubi bezithuthi ezishishina ngedizili ezinobunzima obungaphezulu kwe-10,000 yeeponti, kubandakanywa iibhasi kunye neelori ezinezixhobo zokulala, bangenzi iilori zedizili eziphambili kwisithuthi esingaphezu kwemizuzu emihlanu kuyo nayiphi na indawo. Ngoko ke, ukuthobela imimiselo kunye nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwiinkonzo zelori, iyunithi ye-APU yelori yindlela engcono yokuhamba.
Inzuzo yesi-5: Intuthuzelo yoMqhubi eyomeleziweyo
Abaqhubi beelori banokusebenza kakuhle kwaye babe nemveliso xa bephumle ngokwaneleyo. Emva kosuku lokuqhuba umgama omde, utsalela kwindawo yokuphumla. Nangona i-sleeper cab inika indawo eninzi yokuphumla, ingxolo yokuqhuba injini yelori inokucaphukisa. Ukuba neyunithi ye-APU yelori ibonelela ngendawo ezolileyo yokuphumla okulungileyo ngelixa isebenzela ukutshaja, ukupholisa umoya, ukufudumeza, kunye neemfuno zokufudumeza injini. Yandisa intuthuzelo efana nekhaya kwaye yenza amava akho okuqhuba athandeke ngakumbi. Ekugqibeleni, kuya kunceda ukonyusa imveliso epheleleyo yezithuthi.
Inzuzo yesi-6: Ukuphuculwa kozinzo lokuSingqongileyo
Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-injini yelori kuya kuvelisa imichiza eyingozi, igesi, kunye namasuntswana, okukhokelela kakhulu kungcoliseko lomoya. Rhoqo ngemizuzu eli-10 yokungenzi nto ikhupha iponti enye yekharbon diokside emoyeni, nto leyo eyenza kube mandundu utshintsho lwemozulu yehlabathi. Ngelixa ii-APU zedizili zisasebenzisa amafutha, zisebenzisa kancinci kwaye zinceda iilori ukuba zinciphise indawo yazo yekhabhoni xa kuthelekiswa ne-injini idling kunye nokuphucula ukuzinza kwendalo.
Phucula iiFlethi zelori ngee-APU
Ukufakela iyunithi ye-APU kwilori yakho kucetyiswa kakhulu, njengoko iphucula intuthuzelo yomqhubi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ngelixa inceda ukuhlangabezana nemigaqo yokusingqongileyo. Kodwa ungayikhetha njani i-APU efanelekileyo kwinqanawa yakho? Nantsi imiba ephambili ekufuneka iqwalaselwe:
- Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla: Vavanya iimfuno zamandla kwiinqwelo zakho kuqala. I-APU esebenza nge-diesel inokwanela iimfuno ezisisiseko. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba imisebenzi yakho ifuna amandla angakumbi kwizixhobo eziphucukileyo, i-APU yelori yombane inokuba lolona khetho lungcono.
- IiMfuneko zoLondolozo: Njengoko ii-APU ze-Diesel zinezixhobo ezininzi zoomatshini, zifuna ukugcinwa rhoqo, kubandakanywa utshintsho lweoyile, ukutshintshwa kwesihlungi samafutha, kunye nenkonzo yokuthintela. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ii-APU zombane zeelori zibandakanya ukugcinwa okuncinci, oko ke kuncitshiswa ixesha lokuphumla kunye neendleko zokulondolozwa.
- Iwaranti kunye neNkxaso: Hlala ujonge imigaqo yewaranti kunye nenkxaso emva kokuthengisa. Iwaranti eyomeleleyo inokukhusela utyalo-mali lwakho kwaye iqinisekise ukuba ufumana inkonzo ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuba kukho imiba evelayo.
- Iingqwalasela zoHlahlo-lwabiwo-mali: Ngelixa ii-APU zombane zihlala ziza neendleko eziphezulu zangaphambili, zihlala zibonelela ngogcino olubalulekileyo lwexesha elide ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwepetroli okuphantsi kunye neemfuno ezincitshisiweyo zokulondolozwa. Ii-APU ze-Diesel zitshiphu ekufakeni kokuqala kodwa zinokukhokelela kwiindleko zokusebenza eziphezulu ngokuhamba kwexesha.
- Ukusebenziseka lula: Ii-APU zoMbane ngokuqhelekileyo kulula ukuzifaka kunye nokusebenza. Iimodeli ezininzi zikwabonisa iinkqubo zolawulo ezikrelekrele, ezivumela ulawulo olungenamthungo ukusuka kwikhabhi.
Isishwankathelo, iiyunithi ze-APU zelori zombane ziye zafumana ukwanda kokuthandwa kushishino lwezothutho. Babonelela ngokusebenza okuzolileyo, okunesondlo esiphantsi, iiyure ezongeziweyo zokupholisa umoya, yaye bancedisa izithuthi ukuba zihlangabezane nemithetho engqongqo yokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo, nto leyo ezenza zibe lubulumko utyalo-mali kwiilori zale mihla.
I-ROYPOW enye-stop 48 V yonke inkqubo ye-APU yelori yombanesisisombululo esifanelekileyo sokungahoyi, sicocekile, sikrelekrele, kwaye sithe cwaka kunenye yee-APU zedizili. Idibanisa i-48 V DC i-alternator ehlakaniphile, i-10 kWh LiFePO4 ibhetri, i-12,000 BTU / h i-air conditioner ye-DC, i-48 V ukuya kwi-12 V DC-DC converter, i-3.5 kVA yonke-in-one inverter, isikrini sokulawula amandla ahlakaniphile, kunye nepaneli yelanga eguqukayo. Ngale ndibaniselwano inamandla, abaqhubi belori banokonwabela ngaphezulu kweeyure ezili-14 zexesha le-AC. Izinto ezingundoqo zenziwa kwimigangatho yomgangatho weemoto, ukunciphisa imfuno yokugcinwa rhoqo. Isiqinisekiso sokusebenza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka iminyaka emihlanu, ngaphandle kwemijikelo yorhwebo yezithuthi. Ukutshaja okuthambileyo kunye neeyure ezi-2 kukugcina unamandla ixesha elide endleleni.
Izigqibo
Njengoko sijonge phambili kwikamva loshishino lwelori, kucacile ukuba iiYunithi zaMandla eziNcedisayo (APUs) ziya kuba zizixhobo zamandla eziyimfuneko kubaqhubi bezithuthi kunye nabaqhubi ngokufanayo. Ngokukwazi kwabo ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli, ukuphucula ukuzinza kokusingqongileyo, ukuthobela imimiselo, ukuphucula ukukhululeka komqhubi, ukwandisa ubomi be-injini, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokulondoloza, iiyunithi ze-APU kwiilori ziguqula indlela iilori ezisebenza ngayo endleleni.
Ngokudibanisa obu bugcisa butsha kwiilori zeenqwelo, asiphuculi nje ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nenzuzo kodwa siqinisekisa amava alula kunye nemveliso ngakumbi kubaqhubi ngexesha lokuhamba kwabo ixesha elide. Ngaphezu koko, linyathelo elisingise kwikamva eliluhlaza, elizinzileyo kushishino lwezothutho.
Inqaku eliyeleleneyo:
