Iyo ugize uruhare mu gutwara amakamyo maremare, ikamyo yawe ihinduka inzu yawe igendanwa, aho ukorera, uryama, kandi ukaruhuka iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru icyarimwe. Ni ngombwa kwemeza ihumure, umutekano, n'imibereho myiza muri ibi bihe byagutse mugihe ucunga ibiciro bya peteroli kandi ugakomeza kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ibyuka bihumanya. Kubwibyo, aha niho ikamyo APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) ihinduka ubuzima, itanga isoko yizewe yo kuzamura imibereho yawe mumuhanda.
Urashobora kwibaza: mubyukuri nikihe gice cya APU kumodoka, kandi nigute gishobora guhindura imikorere yikamyo? Waba uri umushoferi w'inararibonye ushaka kuzamura igikoresho cyawe cyangwa umuyobozi wa flet ushaka ibisubizo bidahenze, gusobanukirwa ninyungu zamakamyo APU ningirakamaro mugutwara amakamyo agezweho.
Muri iyi ngingo, tuzakuyobora binyuze mumikorere ya Truck Apu, harimo nuburyo ikora, inyungu zingenzi zayo, nuburyo bwo guhitamo sisitemu nziza ya APU kubyo ukeneye byihariye.
Niki APU ishami ryamakamyo?
Ikamyo APU ni igikoresho cyoroshye, gishingiye ku makamyo. Ikora nka generator ikora neza, itanga imbaraga zifasha mugihe moteri nyamukuru yazimye. Iyo ihagaritswe mugihe cyibiruhuko, igikoresho gikoresha sisitemu zingenzi, nko guhumeka, gushyushya, amatara, amashanyarazi ya terefone, microwave, na firigo, bigatuma abashoferi bakomeza guhumurizwa numutekano badakoresheje moteri nkuru yikamyo.
Ubwoko bwa APU Ibice byamakamyo
Ikamyo ya APU ibice ahanini biza muburyo bubiri: moteri ikoreshwa na mazutu.
- Dizel APU isanzwe ishyirwa hanze yikamyo, akenshi inyuma ya cab, kugirango byoroshye kandi bisizwe. Ikanda mumavuta yamakamyo kugirango atange ingufu.
- Ikamyo yamashanyarazi APU ikora hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kandi bisaba kubungabungwa bike, bigatuma ihitamo ibidukikije kubikorwa byamakamyo agezweho.
Inyungu zo Gukoresha APU Igice cyamakamyo
Hariho inyungu nyinshi za APU. Dore inyungu esheshatu zambere zo gushyira igice cya APU mumodoka yawe:
Inyungu 1: Kugabanya Ibicanwa
Ibiciro byo gukoresha lisansi bifata igice kinini cyigiciro cyo gukora kumato hamwe nabakora nyirayo. Mugihe idakora moteri ikomeza ibidukikije byiza kubashoferi, ikoresha ingufu birenze urugero. Isaha yo kudakora itwara hafi litiro imwe ya lisansi ya mazutu, mugihe ishami rya APU rishingiye kuri mazutu ikamyo itwara bike - hafi litiro 0,25 ya lisansi kumasaha.
Ugereranije, ikamyo idakora hagati yamasaha 1800 na 2500 kumwaka. Dufashe amasaha 2500 ku mwaka yo kudakora na mazutu kuri $ 2.80 kuri gallon, ikamyo ikoresha amadolari 7,000 yo kudakora kuri buri kamyo. Niba ucunga amato hamwe namakamyo amagana, icyo giciro kirashobora guhita gisimbuka kugera ku bihumbi mirongo byamadorari nibindi buri kwezi. Hamwe na mazutu APU, kuzigama amadolari arenga 5,000 $ kumwaka birashobora kugerwaho, mugihe APU yamashanyarazi ishobora kuzigama byinshi.
Inyungu 2: Ubuzima bwagutse bwa moteri
Nk’uko Ishyirahamwe ry’amakamyo muri Amerika ribitangaza, isaha imwe yo kudakora ku munsi ku mwaka umwe bivamo ihwanye n'ibirometero 64.000 mu kwambara moteri. Kubera ko ikamyo idakora ishobora kubyara aside sulfurike, ishobora kurya kuri moteri n'ibigize ibinyabiziga, kwambara no kurira kuri moteri byiyongera cyane. Byongeye kandi, kudakora bizagabanya ubushyuhe bwa silinderi yaka umuriro, bitera kwiyubaka muri moteri no gufunga. Kubwibyo, abashoferi bakeneye gukoresha APU kugirango birinde gukora no kugabanya amarira ya moteri no kwambara.
Inyungu 3: Kugabanya Amafaranga yo Kubungabunga
Amafaranga yo gufata neza kubera kudakora cyane ararenze kure ayandi mafaranga ashoboka yo kubungabunga. Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’ubwikorezi muri Amerika kivuga ko ikigereranyo cyo kubungabunga ikamyo yo mu cyiciro cya 8 ari 14.8 ku kirometero. Gukuramo ikamyo biganisha kumafaranga menshi yo kubungabunga. Iyo hamwe n'ikamyo APU, intera ya serivise yo kubungabunga iraguka. Ntugomba kumara umwanya munini mumaduka yo gusana, kandi ibiciro byumurimo nibikoresho byaragabanutse cyane, bityo bikagabanya igiciro cyose cya nyirubwite.
Inyungu ya 4: Kubahiriza amabwiriza
Kubera ingaruka mbi ziterwa namakamyo zidakora ku bidukikije ndetse n’ubuzima rusange, imijyi myinshi minini ku isi yashyize mu bikorwa amategeko n'amabwiriza yo kurwanya ubusa kugira ngo ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Ibibujijwe, amande, nibihano biratandukanye mumijyi. Mu mujyi wa New York, kudakora ibinyabiziga ntibyemewe iyo bimara iminota irenga 3, kandi abafite ibinyabiziga bari gucibwa amande. Amabwiriza ya CARB ateganya ko abashoferi b’ibinyabiziga bikomoka kuri mazutu bikoreshwa na mazutu bifite uburemere bw’ibinyabiziga birenga ibiro 10,000, harimo bisi hamwe n’ikamyo yo kuryamaho, ntibikoresha moteri y’ibanze ya mazutu igihe kirenze iminota itanu ahantu hose. Kubwibyo, kubahiriza amabwiriza no kugabanya ibibazo muri serivisi zamakamyo, ishami rya APU ryamakamyo ninzira nziza yo kugenda.
Inyungu 5: Ihumure ryumushoferi
Abashoferi b'amakamyo barashobora gukora neza kandi batanga umusaruro mugihe bafite ikiruhuko gikwiye. Nyuma yumunsi wo gutwara urugendo rurerure, ukurura ahagarara. Nubwo cab yo kuryama itanga umwanya uhagije wo kuruhuka, urusaku rwo gukoresha moteri yamakamyo rushobora kutubabaza. Kugira igice cya APU kubikamyo bitanga ibidukikije bituje kugirango uruhuke neza mugihe gikora muburyo bwo kwishyuza, guhumeka, gushyushya, no gushyushya moteri. Yongera urugo rumeze nkurugo kandi rutuma uburambe bwawe bwo gutwara bushimisha. Kurangiza, bizafasha kuzamura umusaruro rusange wamato.
Inyungu 6: Kunoza ibidukikije birambye
Gukora moteri yamakamyo bizatanga imiti yangiza, gaze, nuduce, bikaviramo kwanduza ikirere. Buri minota 10 yo kudakora irekura ibiro 1 bya dioxyde de carbone mu kirere, bikabije imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku isi. Mugihe mazutu APUs ikoresha lisansi, ikoresha bike kandi ifasha amakamyo kugabanya ikirenge cya karuboni ugereranije no gukora moteri no kuzamura ibidukikije.
Kuzamura amato yamakamyo hamwe na APUs
Gushyira igice cya APU mumodoka yawe birasabwa cyane, kuko byongera umushoferi neza kandi bikora neza mugihe bifasha kubahiriza amategeko y’ibidukikije. Ariko nigute ushobora guhitamo APU ibereye kumato yawe? Dore ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba gusuzuma:
- Imbaraga: Banza usuzume imbaraga zisabwa mumato yawe mbere. APU ikoreshwa na mazutu irashobora kuba ihagije kubikenewe byibanze. Ariko, niba ibikorwa byawe bisaba imbaraga nyinshi kubikoresho bigezweho, ikamyo yamashanyarazi yose APU irashobora guhitamo neza.
- Ibisabwa Kubungabunga: Nkuko Diesel APUs ifite ibice byinshi byubukanishi, bisaba kubungabungwa buri gihe, harimo guhindura amavuta, gusimbuza lisansi, no gutanga serivisi zo gukumira. Ibinyuranye, amashanyarazi ya APUs yamakamyo arimo kubungabunga bike, bityo bikagabanya igihe cyo hasi hamwe nogukoresha muri rusange.
- Garanti n'inkunga: Buri gihe ugenzure amasezerano ya garanti na nyuma yo kugurisha. Garanti ikomeye irashobora kurinda ishoramari ryawe kandi ikemeza ko ubona serivisi mugihe niba hari ibibazo bivutse.
- Ibitekerezo: Mugihe amashanyarazi ya APU akenshi azana nigiciro cyo hejuru, mubisanzwe batanga amafaranga yigihe kirekire yo kuzigama kubera gukoresha peteroli nke no kugabanya ibikenerwa byo kubungabunga. Diesel APUs ihendutse mugushiraho kwambere ariko irashobora kuvamo amafaranga menshi yo gukora mugihe.
- Kuborohereza gukoreshwa: Amashanyarazi APUs mubisanzwe byoroshye gushiraho no gukora. Moderi nyinshi kandi zigaragaza sisitemu yo gucunga ubwenge, yemerera kugenzura nta kabuza.
Muri make, amakamyo yamashanyarazi APU yamenyekanye cyane mubikorwa byo gutwara abantu. Zitanga ibikorwa bituje, bidakorwa neza, amasaha menshi yo guhumeka, kandi bigafasha amato kubahiriza amabwiriza akomeye y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, bigatuma ishoramari ryiza mubikorwa byamakamyo bigezweho.
ROYPOW imwe ihagarara 48 V sisitemu yamashanyarazi yose ya APUnigisubizo cyiza kidakora, isuku, ubwenge, kandi ituje ubundi buryo bwa mazutu APUs. Ihuza 48 V DC isimburanya ubwenge, bateri 10 kWh LiFePO4, 12,000 BTU / h DC icyuma gikonjesha, 48 V kugeza 12 V DC-DC ihindura, 3.5 kVA byose-muri-inverter, ecran yo kugenzura ingufu zubwenge, hamwe nizuba ryoroshye. Hamwe nubu buryo bukomeye, abashoferi b'amakamyo barashobora kwishimira amasaha arenga 14 yigihe cya AC. Ibice byingenzi bikozwe muburyo bwimodoka, bigabanya ibikenewe kubungabungwa kenshi. Yemejwe kubikorwa bitaruhije kumyaka itanu, birenze bimwe mubucuruzi bwamato. Kwishyurwa byoroshye kandi byamasaha 2 byihuta bikomeza imbaraga mugihe kinini mumuhanda.
Umwanzuro
Mugihe turebye imbere ahazaza h’inganda zitwara amakamyo, biragaragara ko amashanyarazi yingoboka (APUs) azahinduka ibikoresho byingufu zingirakamaro kubakoresha amato ndetse nabashoferi. Nubushobozi bwabo bwo kugabanya ikoreshwa rya lisansi, kuzamura ibidukikije, kubahiriza amabwiriza, kuzamura ihumure ryabashoferi, kongera ubuzima bwa moteri, no kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga, ibice bya APU kumamodoka bihindura uburyo amakamyo akora mumuhanda.
Muguhuza ubwo buhanga bugezweho mumamodoka yamakamyo, ntabwo tunoza imikorere ninyungu gusa ahubwo tunatanga uburambe bworoshye kandi butanga umusaruro kubashoferi mugihe kirekire. Byongeye kandi, ni intambwe igana ahazaza heza, harambye ku nganda zitwara abantu.
Ingingo bifitanye isano:
