Iyo urimo gutwara amakamyo maremare, ikamyo yawe iba icumbi ryawe rigendanwa, aho ukora, uryama, kandi ukaruhuka iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru. Ni ngombwa kugira ngo wishimire ihumure, umutekano, n'imibereho myiza muri ibi bihe birebire, mu gihe ucunga ibiciro bya lisansi bizamuka kandi ugakomeza kubahiriza amabwiriza agenga ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Kubwibyo, aha niho ikamyo ya APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) iba ikiza ubuzima, igatanga isoko ryizewe ry'amashanyarazi kugira ngo urusheho kugira ubuzima bwiza mu muhanda.
Ushobora kuba wibaza uti: ni iki mu by'ukuri APU iri ku ikamyo, kandi ni gute ishobora guhindura imikorere yawe yo gutwara amakamyo? Waba uri umushoferi w'inararibonye ushaka kuvugurura icyuma cyawe cyangwa umuyobozi w'imodoka ushaka ibisubizo bihendutse, gusobanukirwa ibyiza bya APU y'amakamyo ni ingenzi kugira ngo imodoka zigezweho zigere ku ntsinzi.
Muri iyi nkuru, turakuyobora mu buryo bw'ibanze bwa Truck Apu, harimo uburyo ikora, ibyiza byayo by'ingenzi, n'uburyo bwo guhitamo sisitemu ikwiye ya APU ijyanye n'ibyo ukeneye byihariye.
Itsinda rya APU ry’ikamyo ni iki?
Ikamyo ya APU ni igikoresho gito kandi gishingiye ku makamyo. Ikora nk'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi mwiza, itanga ingufu z'inyongera iyo moteri nyamukuru izimye. Iyo iparitse mu gihe cyo kuruhuka, igikoresho gikoresha sisitemu z'ingenzi, nko gukonjesha, gushyushya, amatara, charger za terefone, mikoroonde, na firigo, bigatuma abashoferi bagumana ihumure kandi bafite umutekano badashyize moteri nyamukuru y'ikamyo.
Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bya APU ku makamyo
Ibyuma bya APU by'amakamyo ahanini biri mu bwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi: bikoresha mazutu n'amashanyarazi.
- APU ya mazutu ikunze gushyirwa hanze y'ikamyo, akenshi inyuma gato y'imodoka, kugira ngo yorohereze kuyigeraho no kuyishyiramo lisansi. Ikoresha lisansi y'amakamyo kugira ngo itange ingufu.
- Ikamyo ikoresha amashanyarazi ya APU ikora neza kandi ikenera gusana bike, bigatuma iba amahitamo meza ku bidukikije mu bikorwa bigezweho byo gutwara amakamyo.
Ibyiza byo gukoresha APU Unit kuri Truck
Hari inyungu nyinshi za APU. Dore inyungu esheshatu zo gushyiramo APU ku ikamyo yawe:
Inyungu ya 1: Kugabanya ikoreshwa rya lisansi
Ikiguzi cyo gukoresha lisansi gifata igice kinini cy'ikiguzi cyo gukora ku modoka n'abayikoresha. Nubwo gukoresha moteri mu buryo butagira umuvuduko bituma abashoferi bagira ibidukikije byiza, bitwara ingufu nyinshi. Isaha imwe yo gukoresha moteri mu buryo butagira umuvuduko itwara hafi litiro imwe ya mazutu, mu gihe APU ikoresha mazutu ku makamyo ikoresha make cyane - hafi litiro 0.25 za mazutu ku isaha.
Ugereranyije, ikamyo ikora amasaha ari hagati ya 1800 na 2500 ku mwaka. Iyo amasaha 2.500 ku mwaka yo gukoresha lisansi na mazutu ari $2.80 kuri litiro imwe, ikamyo ikoresha $7.000 mu gukoresha lisansi kuri buri kamyo. Iyo ucunga imodoka ifite amakamyo amagana, icyo giciro gishobora kwiyongera cyane kikagera ku bihumbi icumi by'amadolari cyangwa arenga buri kwezi. Hamwe na APU ya mazutu, ushobora kuzigama arenga $5.000 ku mwaka, mu gihe APU y'amashanyarazi ishobora kuzigama byinshi kurushaho.
Inyungu ya 2: Igihe kirekire cyo kumara moteri
Nk’uko bivugwa n’ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika rishinzwe gutwara amakamyo, isaha imwe yo gukora amasaha make ku munsi mu mwaka umwe ituma moteri igenda ibirometero 12.000. Kubera ko gukora amasaha make bishobora gukora aside sulfurike, ishobora kwangiza moteri n’ibice by’imodoka, kwangirika no kwangirika kwa moteri biriyongera cyane. Byongeye kandi, gukora amasaha make bizagabanya ubushyuhe bwa silinda, bigatera kwiyongera kwa moteri no kuziba. Kubwibyo, abashoferi bagomba gukoresha APU kugira ngo birinde gukora amasaha make no kugabanya kwangirika no kwangirika kwa moteri.
Inyungu ya 3: Ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga gigabanuka
Amafaranga yo kubungabunga bitewe no gukora cyane nta kintu na kimwe akoreshwa mu kubungabunga ari hejuru cyane kurusha andi mafaranga yose ashobora gukoreshwa mu kubungabunga. Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi ku Bijyanye n’Ubwikorezi cya Amerika kivuga ko impuzandengo y’ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga ikamyo yo mu cyiciro cya 8 ari senti 14.8 kuri kilometero imwe. Gukoresha ikamyo mu buryo busanzwe bitanga amafaranga menshi yo kuyitunganya. Iyo ukoresheje ikamyo ya APU, igihe cyo kuyitunganya kiragabanuka. Ntabwo ugomba kumara igihe kinini mu iduka ryo gusana, kandi ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho n’abakozi kiragabanuka cyane, bityo bigabanura ikiguzi cyose cyo kuyitunga.
Inyungu ya 4: Iyubahirizwa ry'amabwiriza
Kubera ingaruka mbi zo guhagarara kw'amakamyo ku bidukikije ndetse no ku buzima rusange, imijyi myinshi minini ku isi yashyizeho amategeko n'amabwiriza arwanya guhagarara kw'amakamyo kugira ngo agabanye imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Amabwiriza, amande, n'ibihano biratandukanye bitewe n'umujyi. Mu Mujyi wa New York, guhagarara kw'amakamyo ku bidukikije bitemewe n'amategeko iyo bimara iminota irenga 3, kandi ba nyir'imodoka bacibwa amande. Amategeko agenga CARB avuga ko abashoferi b'imodoka zikoresha mazutu zifite uburemere burenga ibiro 10.000 by'imodoka, harimo na bisi n'amakamyo afite ibikoresho byo kuraramo, badakoresha moteri ya mazutu y'imodoka igihe kirenze iminota itanu ahantu hose. Kubwibyo, kugira ngo hubahirizwe amabwiriza kandi bigabanye ingorane mu gutwara amakamyo, ishami rya APU ry'amakamyo ni uburyo bwiza bwo gukora.
Inyungu ya 5: Koroshya ihumure ry'umushoferi
Abashoferi b'amakamyo bashobora gukora neza kandi bagatanga umusaruro iyo baruhutse neza. Nyuma y'umunsi umwe wo gutwara imodoka mu rugendo rurerure, ugera aho uhagarara. Nubwo imodoka itwara abantu iha umwanya uhagije wo kuruhuka, urusaku rwo gukoresha moteri y'ikamyo rushobora kubangamira. Kugira APU y'ikamyo bitanga ahantu hatuje ho kuruhuka neza mu gihe ikora mu bijyanye no gusharija, gukoresha icyuma gikonjesha, gushyushya no gushyushya moteri. Byongera ihumure nk'iryo mu rugo kandi bigatuma uburambe bwawe bwo gutwara burushaho kuba bwiza. Amaherezo, bizafasha kongera umusaruro w'imodoka muri rusange.
Inyungu ya 6: Kunoza ibidukikije birambye
Guhagarika moteri y'amakamyo bitanga imiti yangiza, imyuka, n'uduce duto, bigatera ihumana ry'ikirere. Buri minota 10 yo guhagarika moteri isohora ikiro kimwe cya dioxyde de carbone mu kirere, bikarushaho kwiyongera kw'imihindagurikire y'ikirere ku isi. Nubwo APU za mazutu zikoresha lisansi, zikoresha make kandi zigafasha amakamyo kugabanya karubone ugereranije no guhagarika moteri no kunoza ibidukikije.
Kuzamura amakamyo y'imodoka ukoresheje APU
Gushyira APU ku ikamyo yawe birakenewe cyane, kuko byongera ihumure ry'umushoferi n'imikorere myiza mu gihe bifasha kubahiriza amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije. Ariko se ni gute wahitamo APU ikwiye ku modoka zawe? Dore ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba gusuzuma:
- Gukoresha neza ingufu: Banza usuzume ibisabwa ku ngufu z'amato yawe. APU ikoresha mazutu ishobora kuba ihagije ku bikenewe by'ibanze. Ariko, niba ibikorwa byawe bisaba ingufu nyinshi ku bikoresho bigezweho, APU y'ikamyo ikoresha amashanyarazi yose ishobora kuba amahitamo meza.
- Ibisabwa ku kubungabunga: Kubera ko APU za mazutu zifite ibice byinshi bya mekanike, zikenera gusanwa buri gihe, harimo guhindura amavuta, gusimbuza lisansi, no kuyirinda. Mu buryo bunyuranye, APU z'amashanyarazi ku makamyo zisaba gusanwa gake, bityo bikagabanya igihe cyo gukora akazi n'amafaranga yose yo gusana.
- Garanti n'Inkunga: Buri gihe genzura amabwiriza y'ingwate n'inkunga nyuma yo kugurisha. Ingwate ikomeye ishobora kurinda ishoramari ryawe no kwemeza ko ubona serivisi ku gihe niba hari ikibazo kivutse.
- Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ingengo y'imari: Nubwo APU z'amashanyarazi zikunze kuzana ikiguzi kinini mbere y'igihe, akenshi zitanga uburyo bwo kuzigama amafaranga menshi mu gihe kirekire bitewe n'uko lisansi ikoreshwa ku rugero ruto kandi ikanagabanuka mu byo zikenera mu kubungabunga. APU za mazutu zirahendutse ugereranije n'izabanje gushyirwaho ariko zishobora gutuma ikiguzi cyo kuzikoresha kiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita.
- Byoroshye gukoresha: APU z'amashanyarazi muri rusange zoroshye gushyiraho no gukoresha. Moderi nyinshi zifite sisitemu z'ubuhanga mu gucunga, zemerera kugenzura neza ukoresheje tagisi.
Muri make, amakamyo akoresha amashanyarazi ya APU yarushijeho gukundwa mu nganda zitwara abagenzi. Atanga imikorere ituje kandi idasaba kwitabwaho cyane, amasaha menshi yo gukoresha icyuma gikonjesha, kandi agafasha amato kubahiriza amategeko akaze y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, bigatuma aba ishoramari ryiza mu bikorwa bigezweho byo gutwara amakamyo.
Sisitemu ya APU y'ikamyo ikoresha amashanyarazi yose ya ROYPOW ifite amashanyarazi angana na 48 Vni igisubizo cyiza cyo kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri, gisukuye, cy’ubwenge, kandi gituje kuruta APU za mazutu zisanzwe. Gifite alternator y’ubwenge ya 48 V DC, bateri ya LiFePO4 ya 10 kWh, air conditioner ya 12,000 BTU/h DC, converter ya 48 V kugeza kuri 12 V DC-DC, inverter ya 3.5 kVA yose muri imwe, ecran y’ubwenge yo kugenzura imicungire y’ingufu, hamwe na panel y’izuba yoroshye. Hamwe n’ubu buryo bukomeye, abashoferi b’amakamyo bashobora kwishimira amasaha arenga 14 y’igihe cya AC. Ibice by’ingenzi bikorwa ku rwego rw’imodoka, bigabanya gukenera kwitabwaho kenshi. Byemejwe ko bitanga umusaruro utagira ingorane mu gihe cy’imyaka itanu, bikamara igihe kirekire mu bucuruzi bw’imodoka. Gushaja byoroshye kandi byihuta amasaha 2 bigukomeza gukoresha umuriro igihe kirekire mu muhanda.
Umwanzuro
Mu gihe dutegereje ahazaza h’inganda zitwara amakamyo, biragaragara ko amakamyo y’inyongera (APU) azaba ibikoresho by’ingenzi by’amashanyarazi ku bakoresha amakamyo n’abashoferi. Kubera ubushobozi bwabo bwo kugabanya ikoreshwa rya lisansi, kunoza ibidukikije, kubahiriza amabwiriza, kongera ihumure ry’abashoferi, kongera igihe cyo kumara moteri, no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga, amakamyo ya APU ahindura uburyo amakamyo akora mu muhanda.
Mu gushyira hamwe ubu buryo bushya mu mamodoka y’amakamyo, ntitunoza imikorere n’inyungu gusa, ahubwo tunatuma abashoferi bagira uburambe bwiza kandi butanga umusaruro mu gihe cy’urugendo rwabo rurerure. Byongeye kandi, ni intambwe igana ku hazaza heza kandi harambye ku nganda zitwara abagenzi.
Ingingo bifitanye isano:
