Ubomi bebhetri yenqwelo yegalufa
Iinqwelo zegalufa zibalulekile kumava amahle egalufa. Zikwasetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezinkulu ezifana neepaki okanye iikhampasi zeYunivesithi. Inxalenye ephambili ezenze zaba nomtsalane kakhulu kukusetyenziswa kweebhetri kunye namandla ombane. Oku kuvumela iinqwelo zegalufa ukuba zisebenze ngongcoliseko oluncinci lwesandi kunye nokukhutshwa kwengxolo. Iibhetri zinobomi obuthile kwaye, ukuba zigqithile, zibangela ukwehla kokusebenza komatshini kunye nokwanda kwamandla okuvuza kunye nemiba yokhuseleko efana nokubaleka kobushushu kunye nokuqhuma. Ke ngoko, abasebenzisi kunye nabathengi bakhathazekile malunga nokuba ixesha elingakananiibhetri yenqwelo yegalufaingahlala ixesha elide ukuze kuthintelwe iintlekele kwaye ilungise ngokufanelekileyo xa kufuneka.
Impendulo yalo mbuzo ngelishwa ayilula kwaye ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, enye yazo yi-chemistry yebhetri. Ngokwesiqhelo, ibhetri yenqwelo yegalufa ye-lead-acid kulindeleke ukuba ihlale iminyaka emi-2-5 ngokomyinge kwiinqwelo yegalufa ezisetyenziswa esidlangalaleni kunye neminyaka emi-6-10 kwiinqwelo zabucala. Ubomi obude, abasebenzisi banokusebenzisa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezilindeleke ukuba zihlale iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10 kwaye zifikelele phantse kwiminyaka engama-20 kwizithuthi zabucala. Olu luhlu luchaphazeleka ziiarhente ezininzi kunye neemeko, okwenza uhlalutyo lube nzima ngakumbi. Kweli nqaku, siza kungena nzulu kwizinto eziqhelekileyo nezinempembelelo kumxholo weebhetri zenqwelo yegalufa, ngelixa sibonelela ngeengcebiso ezithile xa kunokwenzeka.
Ikhemistri yebhetri
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ukhetho lwekhemikhali yebhetri lumisela ngokuthe ngqo ubude bexesha elilindelekileyo lebhetri yenqwelo yegalufa esetyenzisiweyo.
Iibhetri ze-lead-acid zezona zidumileyo, ngenxa yamaxabiso azo aphantsi kunye nokulula kokugcinwa kwazo. Nangona kunjalo, zikwabonelela ngexesha elincinci lobomi elilindelweyo, umyinge weminyaka emi-2-5 kwiinqwelo zegalufa ezisetyenziswa esidlangalaleni. Ezi bhetri nazo zinzima ngobukhulu kwaye azifanelekanga kwizithuthi ezincinci ezineemfuno eziphezulu zamandla. Umntu kufuneka ajonge ubunzulu bokukhupha okanye umthamo okhoyo kwezi bhetri, ngoko ke akukhuthazwa ukuba uzisebenzise ngaphantsi kwe-40% yomthamo ogciniweyo ukuze kuthintelwe umonakalo ongapheliyo we-electrode.
Iibhetri zenqwelo yegalufa ze-lead-acid zejeli zicetyiswa njengesisombululo kwiintsilelo zeebhetri zenqwelo yegalufa ze-lead-acid zemveli. Kule meko, i-electrolyte yijeli endaweni yolwelo. Oku kunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya kunye nokwenzeka kokuvuza. Ifuna ukugcinwa okuncinci kwaye ingasebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ingakumbi amaqondo obushushu abandayo, aziwa ngokunyusa ukonakala kwebhetri kwaye, ngenxa yoko, anciphisa ubomi.
Iibhetri zenqwelo yegalufa zeLithium-ion zezona zibiza kakhulu kodwa zibonelela ngexesha elide lokuphila. Ngokubanzi, ungalindelaibhetri yenqwelo yegalufa ye-lithium-ionukuhlala naphi na phakathi kweminyaka eli-10 ukuya kwengama-20 kuxhomekeke kwimikhwa yokusebenzisa kunye nezinto zangaphandle. Oku kungenxa yokwakheka kwe-electrode kunye ne-electrolyte esetyenzisiweyo, okwenza ibhetri isebenze ngakumbi kwaye yomelele ngakumbi ekuwohlokeni kwimeko yeemfuno zomthwalo ophezulu, iimfuno zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, kunye nemijikelo yokusetyenziswa emide.
Imiqathango yokusebenza ekufuneka iqwalaselwe
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ikhemistri yebhetri ayisiyonto yodwa elawula ubomi bebhetri yenqwelo yegalufa. Enyanisweni, kukunxibelelana phakathi kwekhemistri yebhetri kunye neemeko ezininzi zokusebenza. Apha ngezantsi kukho uluhlu lwezinto ezinefuthe elikhulu kunye nendlela ezisebenzisana ngayo nekhemistri yebhetri.
. Ukutshaja kakhulu kunye nokukhupha ngaphezulu: Ukutshaja okanye ukukhupha ibhetri ngaphaya kwemeko ethile yokutshaja kunokonakalisa ii-electrode ngokusisigxina. Ukutshaja kakhulu kunokwenzeka ukuba ibhetri yenqwelo yegalufa ishiywe ixesha elide ekutshajisweni. Oku akukhathazeki kakhulu kwimeko yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion, apho i-BMS idla ngokucwangciswa ukuba inqumle ukutshaja kwaye ikhusele kwiimeko ezinjalo. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhupha ngaphezulu akunto ilula ukuyiphatha. Inkqubo yokukhupha ixhomekeke kwimikhwa yokusetyenziswa kwenqwelo yegalufa kunye neendlela ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ukunciphisa ubunzulu bokukhupha kuya kunciphisa ngokuthe ngqo umgama inqwelo yegalufa enokuyigubungela phakathi kwemijikelo yokutshaja. Kule meko, iibhetri zenqwelo yegalufa ze-lithium-ion zinenzuzo njengoko zinokumelana nee-cyclers ezikhupha ngokunzulu ezinempembelelo encinci yokuwohloka xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lead-acid.
. Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye neemfuno zamandla aphezulu: Iimfuno zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye neemfuno zamandla aphezulu ziinkqubo ezichaseneyo zokutshaja nokukhupha kodwa zijongene nengxaki efanayo esisiseko. Uxinano lwamandla aphezulu kwii-electrodes lunokubangela ukulahleka kwezinto. Kwakhona, iibhetri zenqwelo yegalufa ye-lithium-ion zilungele ngakumbi ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye neemfuno zomthwalo wamandla aphezulu. Ngokuphathelele ukusetyenziswa kunye nokusebenza, amandla aphezulu anokufikelela ekukhawulezisweni okuphezulu kwinqwelo yegalufa kunye nesantya esiphezulu sokusebenza. Kulapho umjikelo wokuqhuba wenqwelo yegalufa unokuchaphazela khona ixesha lobomi bebhetri ngokuhambelana nokusetyenziswa. Ngamanye amazwi, iibhetri zenqwelo yegalufa ezisetyenziswa ngesantya esiphantsi kwibala legalufa ziya kuhlala ixesha elide kuneebhetri zenqwelo yegalufa yesibini esetyenziswa ngesantya esiphezulu kakhulu kwibala elinye.
Iimeko zendalo: Amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo ayaziwa ukuba achaphazela ixesha lobomi bebhetri. Nokuba ipakwe elangeni okanye isebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphantse abe ngumkhenkce, isiphumo sihlala siyingozi kwiibhetri zeenqwelo zegalufa. Ezinye izisombululo ziye zacetyiswa ukunciphisa le mpembelelo. Iibhetri zeenqwelo zegalufa zeGel Lead-Acid zisisombululo esinye, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili. Ezinye ii-BMS zikwazisa imijikelo yokutshaja ephantsi kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion ukuze zifudumale ngaphambi kokutshaja okuphezulu kwe-C-rate ukunciphisa i-lithium plating.
Ezi zinto kufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa uthenga ibhetri yenqwelo yegalufa. Umzekelo,Ibhetri ye-S38105 LiFePO4 evela kwi-ROYPOWkubikwa ukuba ihlala iminyaka eli-10 ngaphambi kokuba ifikelele esiphelweni sobomi. Eli lixabiso eliphakathi elisekelwe kuvavanyo lwelebhu. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimikhwa yokusebenzisa kunye nendlela umsebenzisi ayigcina ngayo ibhetri yenqwelo yegalufa, imijikelo okanye iminyaka yenkonzo elindelekileyo inokuncipha okanye inyuke ngaphaya kwexabiso eliphakathi elichazwe kwiphepha ledatha lebhetri yenqwelo yegalufa.
Isiphelo
Ngamafutshane, ubomi bebhetri yenqwelo yegalufa buya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimikhwa yokusetyenziswa, iimeko zokusebenza, kunye nekhemikhali yebhetri. Ngenxa yokuba ezimbini zokuqala kunzima ukuzibala nokulinganisa kwangaphambili, umntu unokuthembela kuvavanyo oluqhelekileyo olusekelwe kwikhemistri yebhetri. Ngaloo ndlela, iibhetri zenqwelo yegalufa ze-lithium-ion zibonelela ngobomi obude kodwa ixabiso lokuqala liphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nobomi obuphantsi kunye nexabiso eliphantsi leebhetri ze-lead-acid.
Inqaku elinxulumene nalo:
Zihlala ixesha elingakanani iibhetri zenqwelo yegalufa
Ngaba iibhetri zeLithium Phosphate zingcono kuneebhetri zeTernary Lithium?
